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Advantech and Xage Security collaborate With a zero trust, mesh overlay approach, the partnership ensures mission critical operations can run reliably and keep pace with shifting compliance requirements. It can purportedly operate for more than 12, cycles. Renewables and battery storage leave coal in the dust as main Texas grid greens power mix Generators seek interconnection for more than GW of projects as ERCOT market abandons dirtiest fuel after decades of dominance This post appeared first on Recharge Pinnock on Department of Energy, the private sector and a new national nonprofit have stepped up their respective efforts recently to bring hydrogen forward as Nord Stream leaks cause 1 km of gas bubbles Leaks on Nord Stream pipelines are forming area of natural gas bubbles 1 km in diameter in the Baltic Sea.
Husky Midstream, Hifi and Stantec presenting slope stability monitoring at the International Pipeline Conference The three companies will present at IPC on Friday 30 September on high fidelity distributed fibreoptic sensing for landslide detection. Corinth Pipeworks awarded Fenix offshore gas field in Argentina Corinth Pipeworks selected by TotalEnergies to manufacture and supply approximately 40 km of 24 in.
Tritium Supplies U. SaskPower targets two sites for possible nuclear power plants Save the date: The plant will produce carbon-neutral fuel — enough to decarbonize over , vehicles NCE to build and supply a new low-emission, top-charge coke oven battery KBR and Giammarco-Vetrocoke sign master services agreement for carbon capture technology KBR announced that it has signed a master license and engineering agreement with Giammarco-Vertrocoke S.
The PV manufacturer Opto-electro-thermal model to predict solar cell temperature, output French scientists have developed a fully coupled opto-electro-thermal model that reportedly predicts solar cell behavior under real operating conditions in a standalone framework.
They said The module is built with half-cells and From pv The post Aquaterra Designed to meet the duty-cycle, performance and packaging requirements of medium- and heavy-duty trucks and Data, Smart Cities Key to Future Grid Investment, Reliability A report shows the future priorities for investment as demand and resiliency concerns grow. Darlington nuclear power plant refurbishment crosses halfway mark The year, multi-billion-dollar Darlington nuclear power plant refurbishment for Ontario Power Generation has crossed the halfway point and is on track to be completed on Real barriers to virtual power plants The technology is available for virtual power plants to be rolled out across the United States, argues Jigar Shah, the director of the Department of The project is the first phase of a MW scheme Woodside joins Aiming for Zero methane emissions initiative Woodside Energy has signed the Aiming for Zero Methane Emissions Initiative, becoming the first Australasian company to do so.
By signing the initiative Woodside is This post appeared first on Hydrocarbon Processing. The weekend read: A year of solar uncertainty in the US The supply of PV modules to the United States has been challenged by potential tariffs on goods shipped from four Southeast Asian nations that provide Report: Global energy crisis drives demand for green hydrogen Originally published by Theresa Smith on esi-africa.
The global energy crisis is boosting interest in low-emissions hydrogen and the pipeline EnerVenue secures MWh order for nickel-hydrogen batteries EnerVenue has agreed to supply batteries to Green Energy Renewable Solutions for use in customized building blocks for maritime applications, construction sites, and other heavy Big challenges but bigger opportunities as wind industry heads for Hamburg AGENDA Our curation of the must-read news and analysis from the-week-that-was in the global renewable energy industry This post appeared first on Recharge News.
ANALYSIS US unveils draft national clean hydrogen strategy and roadmap — with three key priorities Document focuses on high-impact uses, cost reduction and regional H2 networks — and sets new long-term production goals This post appeared first on Recharge News. MXenes-based perovskite solar cell achieves Bangladesh promoting renewables via green bond policy The central bank of Bangladesh issued a new policy on green bond financing this week for banks and financial institutions that provide low-cost, long-term loans From pv magazine Germany Evelon, a building-integrated Rovco enters US market with strategic appointment Rovco has its sights set on supporting the energy transition with the appointment of a new Director.
It will remain at this level The new product has a Battery manufacturing ramps up in the U. Passage of the Inflation Reduction Act of has resulted in numerous battery manufacturers announcing plans to begin production in the United States, supporting the Tellurian drops Driftwood financing plan, contracts canceled Chairman Charif Souki says he is shifting gears in the search for funding.
TenCate Grass Announces Program to Recycle Artificial Grass TenCate Grass, a distributor and installer of synthetic turf for sports and landscape applications, announced today a program in the US to recycle end-of-life artificial Department of Transportation, is leading the U.
Departments of Cargo Owners for Zero Emission Vessels Adds Members, Enhancing Target The organization that formed last year now has 19 members as it looks to quickly increase the use of clean fuels and advanced technologies in Peoples Gas and University of Pittsburgh collaborate Peoples Gas and the University of Pittsburgh partner on pilot programme to evaluate the transport of hydrogen in natural gas systems.
The agreement would support Battelle Speaker Outlines Bipartisan Infrastructure Bill and Inflation Reduction Act Opportunities For energy-related companies wondering where and when the spark will arc to move green energy from discussions to actual development, Shawn Bennett says be patient. The passage of the Bilateral Infrastructure Bill and the Inflation Reduction Act have billions budgeted for hydrogen generation and carbon capture sequestration.
The company previously European gas outlook If colder-than-expected weather hits, northwest Europe could run out of natural gas by March Neste to establish joint venture for production of renewable fuels with Marathon Petroleum in the U. Orsted and Iberdrola sign pre-climate summit manifesto of measures to speed global build-out This post appeared first on Recharge Canadian Solar presents all-in-one residential battery inverter solution The new product is available in four versions with a storage capacity ranging from 9.
The product comes with a year warranty Prospects for Ruddlesden—Popper perovskite solar cells A research group in the Netherlands has analyzed different manufacturing techniques for two-dimensional Ruddlesden—Popper perovskite solar cells. These cells offer improved photostability and environmental stability BYD to produce Smirnoff Program Seeks Boost in Glass Recycling The initiative in the Chicago area looks to involve food and beverage vendors to create more sustainable packaging.
The post Smirnoff Program Seeks Boost in Locations EVgo Inc. The post Bollinger, Wabash This first-of-its-kind high-power, ultra-fast wireless charging system fully charged a Vallourec signs 10 year agreement with Saudi Aramco Vallourec, world leader in premium tubular solutions, has signed a 10 year agreement with Saudi Aramco for the supply of premium casing and services.
Uzbekistan GTL plant produces synthetic jet fuel by synthesizing natural gas For the first time in the history of not only Uzbekistan, but the whole world, the Uzbekistan GTL plant has launched the production of synthetic Fortescue announces execution plan for industry-leading decarbonization Fortescue Metals Group Ltd updated its world leading heavy industry decarbonization strategy, aiming to eliminate fossil fuel use and achieve real zero terrestrial emissions Scope Panasonic presents Greece approves large scale solar-battery-hydrogen project An Inter-ministerial committee of the Greek government last week labeled a photovoltaic project, combining lithium batteries and an electrolyzer, a strategic investment meaning it can The Indian independent power producer has a diversified portfolio of 1.
Taiwanese solar module manufacturer Solaredge launches new power optimizers for commercial PV The Israel-based power electronics specialist has unveiled two new optimizers that have both a rated input DC power of 1,2 kW, maximum efficiency of Using the Inflation Reduction Act to Scale EV Adoption There are situations where the cost of battery-electric vehicles makes sense, and with tax credits from the IRA, the argument for electric vehicle adoption just From cradle to grave, the Polestar 0 project has the potential to offer a transformational shift in the race toward climate neutrality.
The post Can She has been acting in the Global wind turbine order intake breaks record in Q2 This article was originally published by Power Engineering International. Strong activity in China pushed global wind turbine order intake to a new record of The post Amazon to This first part of this series provided an introduction to NTSB opens public docket for rupture investigation The National Transportation Safety Board opens public docket as part of its ongoing investigation of the fatal natural gas transmission pipeline rupture and fire in Comcast Cable Plans to Double Network Energy Efficiency by Comcast Cable plans to double its network energy efficiency by , cutting the electricity per consumed terabyte of data in half.
The post Comcast Cable Also, in , all the electricity it purchased to run its plants worldwide came A for the development of an offshore and onshore natural gas pipeline by Gastrade. The Hydrogen Stream: Canadian startup unveils kW fuel cell system In other news, Alstom tested its hydrogen train for long-distance transportation, and the IEA released a report suggesting that hydrogen development may require an annual Q Energy France and its partner Aquacosy are Pumped hydro storage for rivers, coastal lines Scientists in Germany have developed a new methodology to identify suitable areas for pumped hydro storage projects close to rivers or shorelines.
Their new method Cadmium-free kesterite solar cell with 9. The solution, built specifically to meet Tesla Brings in ChargerHelp! Among its solutions to range anxiety is a The post Hurricane Daimler Truck Boosts Electric Truck Range with New Battery Chemistry Daimler Truck is changing battery chemistry for its future long-haul electric trucks to boost driving range beyond miles on a single charge while eliminating New Fully Electric Axle Extends Range for Volvo Electric Trucks Volvo Trucks has unveiled a new, fully electric rear axle that frees up space for more batteries and yields an even longer driving range for Sypris acquires rapid opening closure line Sypris Technologies, Inc.
Bernard celebrates 75th anniversary This milestone marks a history rich in welding product innovation that started with humble beginnings in a storefront on the southeast side of Chicago This Jinergy unveils all-black solar module series for rooftop PV The all-black series includes a monofacial PERC module with an efficiency of up to The two Wafer scale microwire solar cell with The device This post appeared first on Oil The weekend read: Mining for gold in legacy PPAs As the pace of solar installations quickens, developers are racing to find the best remaining sites and optimize their position in interconnection queues.
But what When I began my power industry career at a coal-fired The post The The Hydrogen Stream: Siemens commissions 8. Consumers are Consistently Willing to Pay More for Sustainable Products Despite inflation driving price hikes on everyday items, consumers are willing to pay more for sustainable products, according to a new Capterra report. The post The U. Waste Management Acquires Avangard Innovative to Increase Plastic Recycling The deal will help Waste Management with processing post-consumer resin, which includes many commercially used plastics.
Germany introduces tax breaks for rooftop PV The German government continues to respond to the energy crisis by implementing measures supporting small-sized PV. This time, the tax breaks are intended to support Brazil suspends A-5 energy auction The auction was scheduled to be held on September French government announces new measures to support solar self-consumption The government announced new measures in favor of collective and individual self-consumption, validated by the Higher Energy Council on September 8.
From pv magazine France Schlumberger, Aker Solutions and Subsea 7 create JV Complementary geographic coverage, technology and engineering capabilities will deliver leading performance and integration in a growing offshore market. Member states are all expected to Siemens and Shell sign MoU to advance low-carbon, highly efficient energy solutions Siemens Smart Infrastructure and Shell Global Solutions International BV have signed an MoU to collaborate on developing low-carbon and highly efficient energy solutions that support South Korean government begins nationwide inspection on solar parks South Korean authorities have already identified 2, cases of illegal subsidy use for renewable energy plants.
They also ascertained that agrivoltaic projects presented as such New grid-scale LFP battery from Canadian Solar The company said it plans to quadruple its battery manufacturing capacity by the end of The 2. Heterojunction solar cell with Their cell achieved an in-house-certified Novel tech to recycle silver, aluminum from end-of-life solar panels Researchers at the University of Leicester have developed a new method of extracting silver and aluminum from end-of-life PV cells using iron chloride and aluminum From pv magazine USA Researchers at both Alberta was still building coal units 11 years ago.
By it will be coal-free. Alberta currently has just over MW of coal generating capacity Stall or surge? Patagonia Transfers Ownership to Tackle Climate Issues The outdoor appeal and equipment company is splitting into two trusts. The post 35 States Approved The solution integrates a purpose-built, on-road, lightweight, electric robot; Magna-developed low-speed Spain set to hit 20 GW milestone Spain has reached Germany to tender another 1.
Selected PV projects will have to Theriot Vice President of Finance. Mitsui Chemicals selects ethylene oxide catalyst from Shell Catalysts and Technologies Mitsui Chemicals has asked Shell Catalysts and Technologies for its Shell S catalyst, which is expected to provide important economic benefits from raw material ethylene The issue, which focused on the Renewables sector fears investor uncertainty and demands exemptions from EU revenue cap Industry rejects lower caps on national level, demands more action on permitting and exemptions for sectors such as geothermal This post appeared first on Recharge Flywheel energy storage tech at a glance Indian researchers have assessed the full range of flywheel storage technologies and have presented a survey of different applications for uninterrupted power supply UPS , transport, Renewables chief named as Shell CEO as Van Beurden steps down at oil supermajor Wael Sawan moves up to top job in as long-serving boss leaves after nine years This post appeared first on Recharge News.
Rooftop PV continues to drive the Italian solar market, but the large-scale segment Stanadyne Introduces Fuel Injector for CNG, Hydrogen, DME Stanadyne, a global fuel and air management systems supplier, has unveiled a new alternative fuel injector for medium-duty and heavy-duty commercial vehicle powertrains. The company These vehicles can Harbinger, Wabash Innovate in the Last-Mile Delivery EV Market Harbinger, a vehicle and technology manufacturer focused on medium-duty commercial electric vehicles EV , is collaborating with Wabash, a North American manufacturer of trailers and truck DOE study finds hundreds of U.
Department of Energy DOE study found hundreds of coal power plant sites could convert to nuclear, dramatically increasing dispatchable, carbon-free Bioenergy with Carbon Capture Industry Expected to Grow in the Coming Years The global bioenergy with carbon capture and storage market is projected to grow at a significant rate throughout , according to a new report by Enverus solves diverse business challenges Combining proprietary and Enverus data enables intelligent connections for the discovery of previously unseen opportunities and insights.
Construction giant Bouygues buys concrete floating wind design eyeing mass production Innovative OO-Star concept from Norwegian offshore engineers Olav Olsen to be commercialised based on serial fabrication model developed by French contractor This post appeared first Carbon intensity of U.
From pv magazine Australia Renewable Philippines to host 1. Developers Blueleaf Energy and SunAsia said the Perovskite quantum dot solar cell with The device has an open-circuit UK startup unveils solar trees for commercial, industrial areas SolarBotanic Trees will begin offering its solar trees in early Investors push Tellurian to offer debt sale concessions The company planning the Driftwood LNG project is proposing to add more collateral and set aside an interest reserve, among other things.
The post Ron Rubin Winery Department of Energy DOE national laboratories among others to The Columbia Under terms Female adolescent drivers of SUVs and pickups were at particularly high risk for fatal rollovers per vehicle mile driven compared with passenger cars SUV: RR, 1.
Fatality rates for teen drivers vary significantly by vehicle type. From to in the United States, fatal rollovers were significantly more likely per mile driven for teen drivers of both SUVs and pickups compared with passenger cars. However, overall fatality rates i. The results of this ecological analysis cannot predict the individual-level fatality risk for teens driving different vehicle types. However, the significant variability in fatality rates among SUVs.
Injury risk among children in motor vehicle crashes: older versus younger drivers. To explore the relationship between injury risk among child occupants involved in motor vehicle collisions according to the age of the vehicle driver. The association between the age of the driver older vs. Of the child occupants in motor vehicle collisions, 2. After adjusting for child occupant age, gender, restraint use, seat position and vehicle type, there remained no significant association between the age of the driver older vs.
These findings add to the body of literature indicating no difference in injury risk found among children when considering the age of the driver. Research is needed to ascertain the association and further evaluate characteristics more specific to the relationship being explored in this study. In this paper, we present a vehicle active safety model for vehicle speed control based on driver vigilance detection using low-cost, comfortable, wearable electroencephalographic EEG sensors and sparse representation.
The proposed system consists of three main steps, namely wireless wearable EEG collection, driver vigilance detection, and vehicle speed control strategy. First of all, a homemade low-cost comfortable wearable brain-computer interface BCI system with eight channels is designed for collecting the driver ‘s EEG signal. In this step, sparse representation classification combined with k-singular value decomposition KSVD is firstly introduced in PSD to estimate the driver ‘s vigilance level. Finally, a novel safety strategy of vehicle speed control, which controls the electronic throttle opening and automatic braking after driver fatigue detection using the above method, is presented to avoid serious collisions and traffic accidents.
The simulation and practical testing results demonstrate the feasibility of the vehicle active safety model. Battery electric vehicles – implications for the driver interface. The current study examines the human-machine interface of a battery electric vehicle BEV from a user-perspective, focussing on the evaluation of BEV-specific displays, the relevance of provided information and challenges for drivers due to the concept of electricity in a road vehicle.
A sample of 40 users drove a BEV for 6 months. Data were gathered at three points of data collection. Participants perceived the BEV-specific displays as only moderately reliable and helpful for estimating the displayed parameters.
This was even less the case after driving the BEV for 3 months. A taxonomy of user requirements was compiled revealing the need for improved and additional information, especially regarding energy consumption and efficiency. Drivers had difficulty understanding electrical units and the energy consumption of the BEV. On the background of general principles for display design, results provide implications how to display relevant information and how to facilitate drivers ‘ understanding of energy consumption in BEVs.
A taxonomy of user requirements was compiled revealing the need for improved and additional information in the BEV interface. Furthermore, drivers had trouble understanding electrical units and energy consumption; therefore, appropriate assistance is required. Design principles which are specifically important in the BEV context are discussed.
Mind over motor mapping: Driver response to changing vehicle dynamics. Improvements in vehicle safety require understanding of the neural systems that support the complex, dynamic task of real-world driving.
We used functional near infrared spectroscopy fNIRS and pupilometry to quantify cortical and physiological responses during a realistic, simulated driving task in which vehicle dynamics were manipulated. Our results elucidate compensatory changes in driver behavior in response to changes in vehicle handling.
We also describe associated neural and physiological responses under different levels of mental workload. The increased cortical activation we observed during the late phase of the experiment may indicate motor learning in prefrontal-parietal networks. Finally, relationships among cortical activation, steering control, and individual personality traits suggest that individual brain states and traits may be useful in predicting a driver ‘s response to changes in vehicle dynamics.
Results such as these will be useful for informing the design of automated safety systems that facilitate safe and supportive driver -car communication. Data and methods for studying commercial motor vehicle driver fatigue, highway safety and long-term driver health.
This article summarizes the recommendations on data and methodology issues for studying commercial motor vehicle driver fatigue of a National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine study. A framework is provided that identifies the various factors affecting driver fatigue and relating driver fatigue to crash risk and long-term driver health. The relevant factors include characteristics of the driver , vehicle , carrier and environment.
Limitations of existing data are considered and potential sources of additional data described. Statistical methods that can be used to improve understanding of the relevant relationships from observational data are also described.
The recommendations for enhanced data collection and the use of modern statistical methods for causal inference have the potential to enhance our understanding of the relationship of fatigue to highway safety and to long-term driver health. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. These NHTSA Guidelines cover original equipment in- vehicle device secondary tasks communications, entertainment, information gathering, and navigation tasks not required to drive are considered secondary tasks performed by the driver through visual-manual means meaning the driver looking at a device, manipulating a device-related control with the driver ‘s hand, and watching for visual feedback.
The proposed NHTSA Guidelines list certain secondary, non-driving related tasks that, based on NHTSA’s research, are believed by the agency to interfere inherently with a driver ‘s ability to safely control the vehicle.
The Guidelines recommend that those in- vehicle devices be designed so that they cannot be used by the driver to perform such tasks while the driver is driving. For all other secondary, non-driving-related visual-manual tasks, the NHTSA Guidelines specify a test method for measuring the impact of task performance on driving safety while driving and time-based acceptance criteria for assessing whether a task interferes too much with driver attention to be suitable to perform while driving.
If a task does not meet the acceptance criteria, the NHTSA Guidelines recommend that in- vehicle devices be designed so that the task cannot be performed by the driver while driving. In addition to identifying inherently distracting tasks and providing a means for measuring and evaluating the level of distraction associated with other non-driving-related tasks, the NHTSA Guidelines contain several design.
The effect of varying levels of vehicle automation on drivers ‘ lane changing behaviour. Much of the Human Factors research into vehicle automation has focused on driver responses to critical scenarios where a crash might occur. However, there is less knowledge about the effects of vehicle automation on drivers ‘ behaviour during non-critical take-over situations, such as driver -initiated lane-changing or overtaking. The current driving simulator study, conducted as part of the EC-funded AdaptIVe project, addresses this issue.
It uses a within-subjects design to compare drivers ‘ lane-changing behaviour in conventional manual driving, partially automated driving PAD and conditionally automated driving CAD. In PAD, drivers were required to re-take control from an automated driving system in order to overtake a slow moving vehicle , while in CAD, the driver used the indicator lever to initiate a system-performed overtaking manoeuvre. A comparison of overtaking positions showed that drivers initiated overtaking manoeuvres slightly later in PAD than in manual driving or CAD.
In addition, when compared to conventional driving, drivers had higher deviations in lane positioning and speed, along with higher lateral accelerations during lane changes following PAD.
These results indicate that even in situations which are not time-critical, drivers ‘ vehicle control after automation is degraded compared to conventional driving. Driver memory retention of in- vehicle information system messages. Memory retention of drivers was tested for traffic- and traveler-related messages displayed on an in- vehicle information system IVIS.
Three research questions were asked: a How does in- vehicle visual message format affect comprehension? CMV blood test. CMV antibody tests Normal value ranges may vary slightly The presence of antibodies to CMV indicates a current or past If the number of antibodies called the antibody titer Risky behavior of drivers of motorized two wheeled vehicles in India. Motorized two-wheeled vehicles MTV account for a large proportion of road traffic in India and the riders of these vehicles have a high risk of road traffic injuries.
Two thousand nine hundred twenty Two thousand five hundred and eight Overall, 1, The proportion of those who did not make payment for committed violation was significantly higher among females CMV retinitis.
Cytomegalovirus CMV retinitis is a viral infection of the retina of the eye resulting in inflammation. CMV retinitis is caused by a member of a group of herpes-type viruses. Infection with CMV Vehicle choices for teenage drivers : A national survey of U. Previous research has shown that many newly licensed teenagers in the United States are driving vehicles with inferior crash protection. The objective of this study was to update and extend previous research on U.
Telephone surveys were conducted with parents in May using a random sample of U. Participation was restricted to parents or guardians of teenagers who lived in the household and held either an intermediate or full driver ‘s license. Parents were interviewed about the vehicle their teenager drives, the reason they chose the vehicle for their teenager, and the cost of purchased vehicles. Forty-three percent of the vehicles driven by teenagers were purchased when the teenager started driving or later.
Although parents report that the majority of teenagers are driving midsize or larger vehicles , many of these vehicles likely do not have key safety features, such as electronic stability control, which would be especially beneficial for teenage drivers. Many teenagers were driving older model year vehicles or vehicle types or sizes that are not ideal for novice drivers.
Parents, and their teenage drivers , may benefit from consumer information about optimal vehicle choices for teenagers. Prevalence of teen driver errors leading to serious motor vehicle crashes. Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of adolescent deaths. Programs and policies should target the most common and modifiable reasons for crashes. We estimated the frequency of critical reasons for crashes involving teen drivers , and examined in more depth specific teen driver errors.
NHTSA researchers assigned a single driver , vehicle , or environmental factor as the critical reason for the event immediately leading to each crash. We analyzed crashes involving year old drivers. Driver error was by far the most common reason for crashes Among crashes with a driver error, a teen made the error Recognition errors e. Inadequate surveillance, driving too fast for conditions, and distracted driving together accounted for almost half of all crashes. Aggressive driving behavior, drowsy driving, and physical impairments were less commonly cited as critical reasons.
Males and females had similar proportions of broadly classified errors, although females were specifically more likely to make inadequate surveillance errors. Our findings support prioritization of interventions targeting driver distraction and surveillance and hazard awareness training. Motor vehicle driver injury and socioeconomic status: a cohort study with prospective and retrospective driver injuries.
To investigate the association between motor vehicle driver injury and socioeconomic status. Cohort study with prospective and retrospective outcomes. New Zealand. Motor vehicle driver injury resulting in admission of the driver to hospital or the driver ‘s death, or both, during the period ; hospitalisation and mortality data were obtained by record linkage to national health databases.
After adjustment for age and sex, driver injury risk was inversely associated with both occupational status p for linear trend driver injury during follow up as participants in the highest approximate quartile.
Participants who had been to secondary school for less than two years were twice as likely HR 2. Driver injury countermeasures should be targeted to people in low status occupations, as well as to people with comparatively little formal education.
Among HIVinfected individuals, cytomegalovirus CMV reactivation and disease occur in the setting of advanced immunosuppression. Clinical screening for CMV manifestations was then performed every 3 months. Heavy vehicle driver workload assessment : executive summary. This report summarizes a program of research to develop methods, data, and guidelines to conduct heavy vehicle driver -oriented workload assessments of new, high-technology, in-cab devices.
Many such devices are being developed and implemented in heav Vehicle -based drowsy driver detection : current status and future prospects. Driver drowsiness is a major, though elusive, cause of traffic crashes. Scientific s Heavy vehicle driver workload assessment. A variety of high technology in-cab devices have been proposed for use in heavy trucks. Many of these devices introduce subsidiary tasks which may compete with the driver ‘s primary task of safely controlling the vehicle at all times.
As part of this About CMV Cytomegalovirus. About CDC. This first phase applies to original equipment OE in- vehicle electronic devices used by the driver to perform secondary tasks communications, entertainment, information gathering, navigation tasks, etc.
The NHTSA Guidelines list certain secondary tasks believed by the agency to interfere inherently with a driver ‘s ability to safely control the vehicle. The NHTSA Guidelines recommend that in- vehicle devices be designed so that they cannot be used by the driver to perform these inherently distracting secondary tasks while driving. For all other visual-manual secondary tasks, the NHTSA Guidelines specify a test method for measuring eye glance behavior during those tasks. Eye glance metrics are compared to acceptance criteria to evaluate whether a task interferes too much with driver attention, rendering it unsuitable for a driver to perform while driving.
If a task does not meet the acceptance criteria, the NHTSA Guidelines recommend that the task be made inaccessible for performance by the driver while driving. In addition, the NHTSA Guidelines contain several recommendations to limit and reduce the potential for distraction associated with the use of OE in- vehicle electronic devices.
Performance assessment of an onboard monitoring system for CMV drivers : a field operational test : research brief. The primary goal of an onboard monitoring system OBMS is to enhance driver performance and safety.
OBMSs are employed with the expectation that feedback provided concurrently via flashing feedback lights in the vehicle and cumulatively via coach Vehicle , driver and atmospheric factors in light-duty vehicle particle number emissions.
Made possible by the collection of on-board tailpipe emissions data, this research identifies road : and driver factors that are associated with a relatively understudied tailpipe pollutant from light-duty vehicles : ultrafine particle number emission A spring-mass-damper system dynamics-based driver-vehicle integrated model for representing heterogeneous traffic. The traditional traffic microscopic simulation models consider driver and vehicle as a single unit to represent the movements of drivers in a traffic stream.
Due to this very fact, the traditional car-following models have the driver behavior related parameters, but ignore the vehicle related aspects. This approach is appropriate for homogeneous traffic conditions where car is the major vehicle type. However, in heterogeneous traffic conditions where multiple vehicle types are present, it becomes important to incorporate the vehicle related parameters exclusively to account for the varying dynamic and static characteristics. Thus, this paper presents a driver-vehicle integrated model hinged on the principles involved in physics-based spring-mass-damper mechanical system.
The proposed model when tested, behaved pragmatically in representing the vehicle -type dependent longitudinal movements of vehicles. The importance and ranking of these parameters were evaluated through changes in subjective driver ratings and performance measures obtained from transient maneuvers such as a double lane change, an emergency lane change, and an unexpected obstacle.
The unexpected obstacle maneuver proved more sensitive to individual driver differences than to vehicle differences. Results were based on full scale tests with an experienced test driver evaluating many different dynamic configurations plus seventeen ordinary drivers evaluating six key configurations.
Aichelburg, Maximilian C. Background Among HIV-1—infected individuals, cytomegalovirus CMV reactivation and disease occur in the setting of advanced immunosuppression. Study objective: To investigate the association between motor vehicle driver injury and socioeconomic status. Design: Cohort study with prospective and retrospective outcomes. Setting: New Zealand. Outcome measure: Motor vehicle driver injury resulting in admission of the driver to hospital or the driver ‘s death, or both, during the period —98; hospitalisation and mortality data were obtained by record linkage to national health databases.
Main results: After adjustment for age and sex, driver injury risk was inversely associated with both occupational status p for linear trend driver injury during follow up as participants in the highest approximate quartile. Motor vehicle driver death and high state maximum speed limits: To measure the association between motor vehicle crash MVC driver death and high state maximum speed limits.
This study used a case-control design and assessed driver deaths from three major types of MVCs: non-collision; collision with motor vehicles in transit; and collision with stationary objects.
The study period was For each type of crash, case subject populations of fatally injured drivers were obtained from the U. Four control subject populations, each associated with a different cause of death, were obtained from a U. Subjects were considered exposed if the state in which they crashed for cases or died for controls had a maximum speed limit greater than 55 mph.
Each of the three case subject populations was compared against each of the four control subject populations. Odds ratios ORs were adjusted for age and gender. For non-collision driver death, ORs ranged from 3. For collision with motor vehicles in transit driver death, ORs ranged from 1. For collision with stationary objects driver death, ORs ranged from 0. There was a moderately strong and significant association between non-collision driver death and high state maximum speed limits. For collision with motor vehicles in transit driver death, the association was somewhat milder but still consistent.
For collision with stationary objects driver death, the presence of an association was unclear. During , the effects of high state maximum speed limits may have been different for different types of MVCs. Handling properties of diverse automobiles and correlation with full scale response data. Steering control is emphasized.
The analyses and data indicate that the driver adjusts his steering control properties when he can to achieve roughly the same level of performance despite vehicle variations. For the more disturbance susceptible vehicles , such as the van, the driver tightens up his control.
Other vehicles have handling dynamics which cause him to loosen his control response, even though performance degrades. Obstructive sleep apnea among commercial motor vehicle drivers : using evidence-based practice to identify risk factors. Commercial motor vehicle driving is a hazardous occupation, having the third highest fatality rate among common U. Among the estimated 14 million U. Despite the identified increased prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea among commercial motor vehicle drivers , federal law does not require that they be screened for obstructive sleep apnea.
This article presents an evidence-based practice change project; the authors developed, implemented, and evaluated a screening program to identify commercial motor vehicle drivers ‘ risk for obstructive sleep apnea during commercial driver medical examinations.
The results of this practice change indicated screening for obstructive sleep apnea during the commercial driver medical examination led to improved identification of obstructive sleep apnea risk among commercial motor vehicle drivers and should be a clinical standard in occupational health clinics.
Task 5, workload assessment protocol. This report presents a description of a prescriptive workload assessment protocol for use in evaluating in-cab devices in heavy vehicles.
The primary objective of this heavy vehicle driver workload assessment protocol is to identify the components an HOS of Drivers Regulations. Can vehicle longitudinal jerk be used to identify aggressive drivers? An examination using naturalistic driving data.
This paper investigated the characteristics of vehicle longitudinal jerk change rate of acceleration with respect to time by using vehicle sensor data from an existing naturalistic driving study. The main objective was to examine whether vehicle jerk contains useful information that could be potentially used to identify aggressive drivers. Initial investigation showed that there are unique characteristics of vehicle jerk in drivers ‘ gas and brake pedal operations. Thus two jerk-based metrics were examined: 1 driver ‘s frequency of using large positive jerk when pressing the gas pedal, and 2 driver ‘s frequency of using large negative jerk when pressing the brake pedal.
To validate the performance of the two metrics, drivers were firstly divided into an aggressive group and a normal group using three classification methods 1 traveling at excessive speed speeding , 2 following too closely to a front vehicle tailgating , and 3 their association with crashes or near-crashes in the dataset.
The results show that those aggressive drivers defined using any of the three methods above were associated with significantly higher values of the two jerk-based metrics. Between the two metrics the frequency of using large negative jerk seems to have better performance in identifying aggressive drivers.
A sensitivity analysis shows the findings were largely consistent with varying parameters in the analysis. The potential applications of this work include developing quantitative surrogate safety measures to identify aggressive drivers and aggressive driving, which could be potentially used to, for example, provide real-time or post-ride performance feedback to the drivers , or warn the surrounding drivers or vehicles using the connected vehicle technologies.
The influence of vehicle aerodynamic and control response characteristics on driver-vehicle performance. The effects of changes in understeer, control sensitivity, and location of the lateral aerodynamic center of pressure c. Twelve subjects with no prior experience on the simulator and no special driving skills performed regulation tasks in the presence of both random and step wind gusts.
Task 3, task analysis data collection. This technical report consists of a collection of task analytic data to support heavy vehicle driver workload assessment and protocol development. Data were collected from professional drivers to provide insights into the following issues: the meanin Motor vehicle driver injury and marital status: a cohort study with prospective and retrospective driver injuries. Objective: To investigate the association of marital status with risk of motor vehicle driver injury.
Design: A cohort study with prospective and retrospective outcomes. Exposure variable: Self reported marital status, assessed from a questionnaire administered in —93 baseline. Results: During person-years of follow up, driver injury cases occurred 85 before baseline, 54 after. After adjustment for age, sex, and study cohort, never married participants had twice the risk of driver injury hazard ratio [HR] 2.
The relative risk for never married participants was slightly higher HR 2. Conclusions: After taking age, sex, and other variables into account, never married people had a substantially higher risk of driver injury than married people. While requiring corroboration, these findings imply that it may be appropriate for driver injury countermeasures to be targeted to never married people.
Road traffic accident among motor vehicle drivers in selected high ways. To assess the knowledge of the motor vehicle driver about the causes of road traffic accidents. The study showed about Out of respondent Increased earning is one of the reasons of very fast driving These may be the reason of accident proneness of the society along with factor like family pressure, job dissatisfaction etc. Majority of the driver who took part in this study used light vehicle Most of the respondent There were significant relationship p drivers and increase level of public awareness through mass communication could reduce the road traffic accident.
Fifteen-passenger vans and other transportation options: a comparison of driver , vehicle , and crash characteristics. Fifteen-passenger vans PVs are a convenient and economical way to transport small groups of people and many educational, community, and health organizations utilize them. Given recent tragic crashes involving PVs, many organizations are reconsidering their use.
The goal of this study was to examine driver , vehicle , and crash characteristics of fatal PV collisions over the past 2 decades in comparison to 3 other common vehicle classes. We used data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System years Driver , vehicle , and crash characteristics were compared by vehicle classes PV, cars, minivans, and intercity buses using proportions along with odds ratios using cars as the reference category for dichotomous variables and means and mean differences for continuous variables.
Logistic regression and analysis of variance were used to statistically compare odds and means, respectively. The odds and absolute risk of a first, subsequent, and either rollover by vehicle type and occupancy rate were also examined. Odds and absolute risk of a rollover event by occupancy rate were calculated. Compared to car drivers , van drivers typically had a better past 3-year driving record. Van drivers performed significantly fewer actions suggesting aggressive driving e.
However, the proportion of van drivers who were deemed to have followed improperly or to have overcorrected was greater. A vehicle rollover was cited almost twice as frequently in van crashes compared to other passenger vehicles.
Of the 4 vehicle types studied, all were more likely to rollover as their occupancy rates increased. Fully loaded PVs had almost 13 times the odds of rollover compared to fully loaded cars. Minivans when full 7 occupants , often seen as the replacement for PVs, were found to have over 3. Drivers need to be aware that as occupancy rates of the vehicles they drive rise so does the risk of rollover and. Preface to the special section on human factors and automation in vehicles : designing highly automated vehicles with the driver in mind.
This special section brings together diverse research regarding driver interaction with advanced automotive technology to guide design of increasingly automated vehicles. Rapidly evolving vehicle automation will likely change cars and trucks more in the next 5 years than the preceding 50, radically redefining what it means to drive.
This special section includes 10 articles from European and North American researchers reporting simulator and naturalistic driving studies.
Little research has considered the consequences of fully automated driving, with most focusing on lane-keeping and speed control systems individually. The studies reveal two underlying design philosophies: automate driving versus support driving. Results of several studies, consistent with previous research in other domains, suggest that the automate philosophy can delay driver responses to incidents in which the driver has to intervene and take control from the automation.
Understanding how to orchestrate the transfer or sharing of control between the system and the driver , particularly in critical incidents, emerges as a central challenge. Designers should not assume that automation can substitute seamlessly for a human driver , nor can they assume that the driver can safely accommodate the limitations of automation. Designers, policy makers, and researchers must give careful consideration to what role the person should have in highly automated vehicles and how to support the driver if the driver is to be responsible for vehicle control.
As in other domains, driving safety increasingly depends on the combined performance of the human and automation, and successful designs will depend on recognizing and supporting the new roles of the driver. An examination of the environmental, driver and vehicle factors associated with the serious and fatal crashes of older rural drivers. Motor vehicle crashes involving rural drivers aged 75 years and over are more than twice as likely to result in a serious or fatal injury as those involving their urban counterparts.
The current study examined some of the reasons for this using a database of police-reported crashes to identify the environmental lighting, road and weather conditions, road layout, road surface, speed limit , driver driver error, crash type , and vehicle vehicle age factors that are associated with the crashes of older rural drivers.
It also determined whether these same factors are associated with an increased likelihood of serious or fatal injury in younger drivers for whom frailty does not contribute to the resulting injury severity. A number of environmental i. Moreover, when these environmental factors were entered into a logistic regression model to predict whether older drivers who were involved in crashes did or did not sustain a serious or fatal injury, it was found that each factor independently increased the likelihood of a serious or fatal injury.
Changes, such as the provision of divided and sealed roads, greater protection from fixed roadside objects, and reduced speed limits, appear to be indicated in order to improve the safety of the rural driving environment for drivers of all ages. Additionally, older rural drivers should be encouraged to reduce their exposure to these risky circumstances. Abstract The immune response to cytomegalovirus CMV infection is highly complex, including humoral, cellular, innate, and adaptive immune responses.
Detection of CMV by the innate immune system triggers production of type I IFNs and inflammatory cytokines which initiate cellular and humoral responses that are critical during the early viremic phase of CMV infection. Sustained control of CMV infection is largely accounted for by cellular immunity, involving various T-cell and B-cell subsets.
In solid organ transplant patients, global suppression of innate and adaptive immunities by immunosuppressive agents limits immunological defense, including inhibition of natural killer cell activity with ongoing lowering of Ig levels and CMV -specific antibody titers.
This is coupled with a short-term suppression of CMV -specific T cells, the extent and duration of which can predict risk of progression to CMV viremia. Specific CMVIG antibodies and virus neutralization might be enhanced by modulation of dendritic cell activity and by a decrease in T-cell activation, effects which are of importance during the initial phase of infection. In summary, the role of CMVIG in reconstituting specific anti- CMV antibodies may be enhanced by some degree of modulation of the innate and adaptive immune responses, which could help to control some of the direct and indirect effects of CMV infection.
The immune response to cytomegalovirus CMV infection is highly complex, including humoral, cellular, innate, and adaptive immune responses. The Heavy Vehicle Study: a case-control study investigating risk factors for crash in long distance heavy vehicle drivers in Australia. Background Heavy vehicle transportation continues to grow internationally; yet crash rates are high, and the risk of injury and death extends to all road users. The work environment for the heavy vehicle driver poses many challenges; conditions such as scheduling and payment are proposed risk factors for crash, yet the precise measure of these needs quantifying.
Other risk factors such as sleep disorders including obstructive sleep apnoea have been shown to increase crash risk in motor vehicle drivers however the risk of heavy vehicle crash from this and related health conditions needs detailed investigation. Methods and Design The proposed case control study will recruit long distance heavy vehicle drivers : who have crashed and who have not. All participants will be interviewed at length, regarding their driving and crash history, typical workloads, scheduling and payment, trip history over several days, sleep patterns, health, and substance use.
All participants will have administered a nasal flow monitor for the detection of obstructive sleep apnoea. Discussion Significant attention has been paid to the enforcement of legislation aiming to deter problems such as excess loading, speeding and substance use; however, there is inconclusive evidence as to the direction and strength of associations of many other postulated risk factors for heavy vehicle crashes.
The influence of factors such as remuneration and scheduling on crash risk is unclear; so too the association between sleep apnoea and the risk of heavy vehicle driver crash. Contributory factors such as sleep quality and quantity, body mass and health status will be investigated.
Quantifying the measure of effect of these factors on the heavy vehicle driver will inform policy development that aims toward safer driving practices and reduction in heavy vehicle crash; protecting the lives of many on the road network. Assessing cytomegalovirus CMV -specific cell-mediated immunity CMI represents an appealing strategy for identifying transplant recipients at risk of infection.
As a control cohort, 39 healthy adult subjects including 33 CMV -seropositive and 6 CMV -seronegative subjects were enrolled. CMV IgG serology was used as a reference for both tests. The receiving operator curve ROC statistical analysis revealed similar specificities and sensitivities in predicting detectable viremia areas under the curve [AUC], 0. Priorities for CMV vaccine development. Krause, Philip R. A multidisciplinary meeting addressed priorities related to development of vaccines against cytomegalovirus CMV , the cause of congenital CMV c CMV disease and of serious disease in the immunocompromised.
Participants discussed optimal uses of a CMV vaccine, aspects of clinical study design, and the value of additional research. A universal childhood CMV vaccine could potentially rapidly reduce c CMV disease, as infected children are sources of viral transmission to seronegative and seropositive mothers. A vaccine administered to adolescents or adult women could also reduce c CMV disease by making them immune prior to pregnancy.
Clinical trials of CMV vaccines in women should evaluate protection against c CMV infection, an essential precursor of c CMV disease, which is a more practical and acceptable endpoint for assessing vaccine effects on maternal-fetal transmission. Clinical trials of vaccines to evaluate prevention of CMV disease in stem cell transplant recipients could use CMV viremia at a level triggering preemptive antiviral therapy as an endpoint, because widespread use of preemptive and prophylactic antivirals has rendered CMV -induced disease too rare to be a practical endpoint for clinical trials.
In solid organ transplant patients, CMV -associated disease is sufficiently common for use as a primary endpoint. Additional research to advance CMV vaccine development should include identifying factors that predict fetal loss due to CMV , determining age-specific incidence and transmission rates, defining the mechanism and relative contributions of maternal reactivation and re-infection to c CMV disease, developing assays that can distinguish between reactivation and re-infection in seropositive vaccinees, further defining predictors of sequelae from c CMV infection, and identifying clinically relevant immune response parameters to CMV including developing validated assays that could assess CMV antibody avidity that could lead to the establishment of immune.
Fifty-seven pregnant women with primary CMV infection and 23 with nonprimary CMV infection were recruited in the study. Maternal age, CMV IgG avidity, viremia, and viruria were also included among the potential predictors.
Driver dependent factors and the risk of causing a collision for two wheeled motor vehicles. Objective: To assess the effect of driver dependent factors on the risk of causing a collision for two wheeled motor vehicles TWMVs. Design: Case control study. Setting: Spain, from to Subjects: All drivers of TWMVs involved in the collisions between two vehicles recorded in the Spanish registry which did not involve pedestrians, and in which at least one of the vehicles was a TWMV and only one driver had committed a driving infraction.
The infractor and non-infractor drivers constituted the case and control groups, respectively. Main outcome measures: Logistic regression analyses were used to obtain crude and adjusted odds ratio estimates for each of the driver related factors recorded in the registry age, sex, nationality, psychophysical factors, and speeding infractions, among others.
Results: Inappropriate speed was the variable with the greatest influence on the risk of causing a collision, followed by excessive speed and driving under the influence of alcohol. Younger and older drivers , foreign drivers , and driving without a valid license were also associated with a higher risk of causing a collision.
In contrast, helmet use, female sex, and longer time in possession of a driving license were associated with a lower risk. Conclusions: Although the main driver dependent factors related to the risk of causing a collision for a TWMV were similar to those documented for four wheeled vehicles , several differences in the pattern of associations support the need to study moped and motorcycle crashes separately from crashes involving other types of vehicles.
Viral load was measured in blood samples obtained before and at the completion of treatment. Stress-oriented driver assistance system for electric vehicles.
Stress is physiological and physical reaction that appears in highly demanding situations and affects human’s perception and reaction capability. Occurrence of stress events within highly dynamic road environment could lead to life-threatening situation. With the perspective of safety and comfort driving provision to anxious drivers , in this paper a stress-oriented Driver Assistance System DAS is proposed.
This novel DAS customizes driving command signal in respect to road context, when stress is detected. The paper develops a model for the optimal management of logistic delivery of a given commodity. The company has different type of vehicles with different capacity to deliver the commodity for customers. The goal is to schedule the deliveries according to feasible combinations of delivery days and to determine the scheduling of fleet and driver and routing policies of the vehicles.
The objective is to minimize the sum of the costs of all routes over the planning horizon. We propose a combined approach of heuristic algorithm and exact method to solve the problem.
Human cytomegalovirus CMV infection is a major cause of congenital infection leading to birth defects and sensorineural anomalies, including deafness. These assays were performed for 80 CMV -infected 57 primarily and 23 nonprimarily pregnant women and controls, including 89 healthy CMV -seropositive pregnant women without active CMV infection, 15 CMV -seronegative pregnant women, and 11 seropositive or seronegative nonpregnant women.
Statistical tests, including frequency distribution analysis, nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis equality-of-populations rank test, Wilcoxon rank sum test for equality on unmatched data, and lowess smoothing local regression, were employed to determine statistical differences between groups and correlation between the assays.
The lowess local regression model comparing the assays on an individual basis showed a value bandwidth of 0. Both assays were highly accurate in discriminating CMV -seronegative pregnant women. In , the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration amended its requirements for frontal crash performance under Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard to temporarily allow 30 mph 48 kph sled tests with unbelted dummies as an alternative to 30 mph head-on rigid-barrier vehicle tests.
This change permitted automakers to reduce airbag inflation forces so that they would be less likely to injure occupants who are close to airbags when they first deploy. Most vehicle models were sled-certified starting in model year Airbag-related deaths have decreased since ; however, controversy persists about whether reduced inflation forces might be decreasing protection for some occupants in high-severity frontal crashes.
Passenger vehicles included in the study had both driver and passenger front airbags, had the same essential designs during the —99 model years, and had been sled-certified for drivers throughout model years and An adjustment was made for the higher annual mileage of newer vehicles.
Findings were that the effect of the regulatory change varied by vehicle type. However, the contrary finding for pickups needs to be researched further. Comparing driver frontal mortality in vehicles with redesigned and older-design front airbags.
Passenger vehicles included in the study had both driver and passenger front airbags, had the same essential designs during the model years, and had been sled-certified for drivers throughout model years and For a broad range of frontal crashes 11, 12, and 1 o’clock combined , the results indicated a modest net benefit of the regulatory change across all vehicle types and driver characteristics.
The aim of this study was to evaluate two interferon gamma release assays during early post-transplant period as a predictor of the development of CMV infection in CMV -seropositive patients. A total of CMV -seropositive recipients who received kidney transplantation from CMV -seropositive donor were prospectively examined.
Analysis of injury severity of drivers involved in single- and two- vehicle crashes on highways in Ontario. This study analyzes driver ‘s injury severity in single- and two- vehicle crashes and compares the effects of explanatory variables among various types of crashes. The study identified factors affecting injury severity and their effects on severity levels using 5-year crash records for provincial highways in Ontario, Canada.
Considering heteroscedasticity in the effects of explanatory variables on injury severity, the heteroscedastic ordered logit HOL models were developed for single- and two- vehicle crashes separately. The results also show that young car drivers have opposite effects between single-car and car-car crashes, and sideswipe crashes have opposite effects between car-car and truck-truck crashes.
The study demonstrates that separate HOL models for single- vehicle and different types of two- vehicle crashes can identify differential effects of factors on driver ‘s injury severity. Influence of driver nationality on the risk of causing vehicle collisions in Spain. To estimate the association between driver nationality and the risk of causing a collision between vehicles in motion. Retrospective, matched by collision, case-control study. Collisions that occurred in Spain during the period from to were studied.
Crude odds ratios ORs for the effect of driver nationality on the risk of causing a collision were significantly higher for foreign drivers than for Spanish drivers , and ranged from a minimum of 1. Corresponding adjusted ORs were slightly lower, but were still significantly higher than 1 for all nationalities except Italian, Belgian, and American USA. Adjusted ORs were usually higher for collisions that occurred in urban areas than on open roads. Authorities responsible for traffic safety, and drivers in general, should consider foreign drivers in Spain at particularly high risk for causing collisions, especially in urban areas.
CMV viraemia has been associated with poor survival but the effect of anti- CMV treatment has not been studied in this setting. In patients with CMV -V, 5-year mortality was numerically higher in untreated patients Forty-four cytomegalovirus CMV -seropositive patients were enrolled: 17 received antiviral prophylaxis, and 27 were managed preemptively.
In the preemptive strategy group, no differences in the development of subsequent infection, magnitude of viral load, and viral control were observed on the basis of QFN- CMV measurements performed before and after the first CMV -DNAemia-positive result. QFN- CMV measurements can be a useful tool for identifying patients i at higher risk of developing infection after discontinuing antiviral prophylaxis, ii with late CMV infection who would benefit from appropriate antiviral interventions, and iii at higher risk of viral relapses.
The risk of intrauterine transmission of cytomegalovirus CMV during pregnancy is much greater for women who contract primary CMV infection after conception than for women with evidence of infection circulating CMV antibodies before conception. Thus, laboratory tests that aid in the identification of recent primary CMV infection are important tools for managing the care of pregnant women suspected of having been exposed to CMV. Studies conducted over the last 20 years convincingly demonstrate that measurement of CMV IgG avidity is both a sensitive and a specific method for identifying pregnant women with recent primary CMV infection and thus at increased risk for vertical CMV transmission.
IgG avidity is defined as the strength with which IgG binds to antigenic epitopes expressed by a given protein; it matures gradually during the 6 months following primary infection.
Low CMV IgG avidity is an accurate indicator of primary infection within the preceding 3 to 4 months, whereas high avidity excludes primary infection within the preceding 3 months. In this minireview, we summarize published data demonstrating the clinical utility of CMV IgG avidity results for estimating time since primary infection in pregnant women, describe commercially available CMV IgG avidity assays, and discuss some of the issues and controversies surrounding CMV IgG avidity testing during pregnancy.
Cytomegalovirus CMV pneumonia causes major morbidity and mortality. Its diagnosis requires demonstration of viral cytopathic changes in tissue, entailing risks of lung biopsy. Federal fleets are a frequent subject of legislative and executive efforts to lead a national transition to alternative fuels and advanced vehicle technologies. The U. Department of Energy’s National Renewablemore » Energy Laboratory completed a 2-year Laboratory Directed Research and Development project to identify the factors that influence the refueling behavior of federal FFV drivers.
The project began with two primary hypotheses. First, information scarcity increases the tendency to miss opportunities to purchase E Second, even with perfect information, there are limits to how far drivers will go out of their way to purchase E This paper discusses the results of the project, which included a June survey of federal fleet drivers and an empirical analysis of actual refueling behavior from FY to This research will aid in the design and implementation of intervention programs aimed at increasing alternative fuel use and reducing petroleum consumption.
Road traffic crashes among farm vehicle drivers in southern China: A cross-sectional survey. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence and potential risk factors of farm vehicle -related road traffic crashes among farm vehicle drivers in southern China.
A cross-sectional study was used to interview 1, farm vehicle drivers in southern China. Farm vehicle -related road traffic crashes that occurred from December to November were investigated. Data on farm vehicle -related road traffic crashes and related factors were collected by face-to-face interviews. The prevalence of farm vehicle -related road traffic crashes among the investigated drivers was 7.
The number of road traffic crashes was highest in the daytime and during harvest season. Major crash-causing factors included improper driving, careless driving, violating of traffic signals or signs, and being in the wrong lane. Findings of this study suggest that farm vehicle -related road traffic crashes have become a burgeoning public health problem in China. Programs need to be developed to prevent farm vehicle -related road traffic crashes in this emerging country.
Visual indices of motor vehicle drivers in relation to road safety in Nigeria. This study assessed the visual profile of motor vehicle drivers in Owerri, Nigeria and to analyse the relationship between the various aspects of visual function in relation to road safety.
A cross-sectional descriptive study of commercial vehicles drivers and private vehicles drivers was conducted between November and February Data were obtained using structured interviewer administered questionnaires and clinical examination was done.
Standards procedures were used to determine visual indices. Data from the better eye eye with a better visual acuity according to international and national standards were reported, except in the analysis of near vision of the respondents. The tonometric value in Both groups The most prevailing eye conditions that may reduce visual acuity were pterygium Nineteen percent of the study group had regular eye examination compared with Alcohol consumption was Most of the commercial motor drivers in Owerri, Nigeria did not meet the Federal Road Safety Commission visual acuity standard for commercial motor drivers.
Visual impairments and poor visibility are strongly associated with RTA among Nigerian motor vehicle drivers.
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