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A focus group of program directors, recent, and current fellows convened Research fellowship programs as a pathway for training. This study evaluated the current career expectations of medical students and Results suggest that students’ pathways to STEM careers and learning can be.
 
 

 

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Based on the advertisements posted in the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, American Volume, a trend exists in the orthopedic job market toward seeking fellowship -trained orthopedic surgeons. Early career faculty bring many expectations to the door-steps of their new academic homes.

 
 

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The analytic approach of the current study is one potential reason that findings contrast with prior literature. The advantages of using hierarchical linear modeling to assess interindividual differences in longitudinal data are discussed. A secondary analysis was conducted of the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 to examine a main effects of parents’ school and postschool outcome expectations on the actual outcomes achieved, b demographic moderators, and c adolescent autonomy as a mediator of parent expectations and outcomes.

Parent expectations were found to…. Where Are the Women in Women’s Sports? Dentistry — a professional contained career in healthcare. Methods Purposive sampling of schemes was undertaken to include urban, rural and metropolitan schemes, schemes in areas with and without dental schools and geographic coverage across England and Wales. Results A total of 99 VDPs participated in the 10 focus groups. Short term goals focused around ‘recovery from the past’ and ‘preparation for the future.

In particular, this research examines effects of gender, PhD advisors and postdoctoral supervisors mentoring resources and gender homophily in the mentoring dyads on the career advancement…. Paradoxical effects of alcohol information on alcohol outcome expectancies.

Cognitive associations with alcohol predict both current and future use in youth and young adults. Much cognitive and social cognitive research suggests that exposure to information may have unconscious influences on thinking and behavior.

The present study assessed the impact of information statements on the accessibility of alcohol outcome expectancies. The 2 studies reported here investigated the effects of exposure to alcohol statements typical of informational approaches to prevention on the accessibility of alcohol outcome expectancies. High school and university students were presented with information statements about the effects of alcohol and other commercial products.

The alcohol statements were taken from expectancy questionnaires. Some of these statements were presented as facts and others as myths. The retention of detailed information about these statements was manipulated by i divided attention versus focused attention or ii immediate versus delayed testing.

Accessibility of personal alcohol outcome expectancies was subsequently measured using an open-ended question about the expected effects of alcohol.

Participants reported more alcohol outcomes seen during the information task as personal expectations about the effects of alcohol use than similar unseen items. Paradoxically, myth statements were also more likely to be reported as expectancies than unseen items in all conditions. Additionally, myth statements were generated less often than fact statements only under the condition of immediate testing with strong content processing instructions.

These observations are consistent with findings from cognitive research where familiarity in the absence of explicit memory can have an unconscious influence on performance.

In particular, the exposure to these items in an informational format increases accessibility of the seen items even when the participants were told that they were myths. The findings have implications for the development of.

The long-term career outcome study: lessons learned and implications for educational practice. Borrowing from established quality assurance literature, the Long-Term Career Outcome Study team has organized its scholarship into three phases; before medical school, during medical school, and after medical school. The purpose of this commentary is to address two fundamental questions: 1 what has been learned? We believe that answers to these questions are relevant not only to our institution but also to other educational institutions seeking to provide high-quality health professions education.

The expected-outcome model of two-player games. The Expected-Outcome Model of Two-Player Games deals with the expected-outcome model of two-player games, in which the relative merit of game-tree nodes, rather than board positions, is considered. The ambiguity of static evaluation and the problems it generates in the search system are examined and the development of a domain-independent static evaluator is described.

Comprised of eight chapters, this book begins with an overview of the rationale for the mathematical study of games, followed by a discussion on some previous artificial intelligence AI research efforts on game-trees. The nex. Aim of this study was to get more insight into the career choice, plans and expectations , and practice pattern preferences of male and female dental students in The Netherlands.

CEE DP A large proportion of the gender wage gap is usually left unexplained. In this paper, we investigate whether the unexplained component is due to misspecification.

Using a sample of recent UK graduates, we introduce variables on career expectations and character traits, variables that are typically not observed. The evidence indicates that women….

Clinician researcher career pathway for registered nurses and midwives: A proposal. To consider clinician researcher career frameworks and propose a new pathway, integrating university and health service components to support research career progression within nursing and midwifery practice. Hospitals with research-active clinicians report fewer adverse events and better patient outcomes.

Nursing clinician researcher career development is therefore an international priority, yet positions and expectations associated with this are not always well articulated, with nurses and midwives challenged to accommodate research and clinical careers.

The new framework was informed by a brief literature search for international framework documents, three Australian state-based Nurses and Midwives Awards: the Australian Qualifications Framework, publically available University Academic Research Award schedules and academic staff descriptions, and state health department and health services publications.

The implementation of research-based practice is a key element of nursing and midwifery roles and “advanced practice” position descriptions have well-defined research expectations. This paper considers structures to support their achievement. This paper provides a blueprint for clinician researcher career development. It elevates the research domain as an equal alongside clinical, managerial and educational clinical career development.

Contamination vs. There is increasing evidence that spiders are not feared because of harmful outcome expectancies but because of disgust and contamination-relevant outcome expectancies. This study investigated the relative strength of contamination- and harm-relevant UCS expectancies and covariation bias in spider.

This paper assessed the outcomes of a field experience assignment FEA in an introductory sport management course designed as a realistic major preview. Student learning outcomes assessed were commitment to the major, intent to pursue the major, expectation of a career in sports, and perceived preparation for a career in sports.

This study reports on the career intentions of final year medical students who completed an online survey that included measures of personality, values, professional and lifestyle expectations , and well-being. Logistic regression analyses identified the determinants of preferred medical specialty, practice location and hours of work. This article reports the outcomes of a study, undertaken from a phenomenographic perspective, of career practitioners’ conceptions of social media usage in career services.

Fifteen Finnish career practitioners–representing comprehensive, secondary and higher education as well as public employment services–were interviewed in focus groups. To meet these requirements, the training of health professionals, including pharmacists, needs to be focused on patient care processes, and students must develop competencies in the delivery of patient care. Pharmacy graduates need to be well prepared for new and alternative career pathways through their education and training, to be a part of the future workforce.

This study explores Australian intern pharmacists’ perceived preparedness for practice, the match between their expectations and experience to meet the requirements of health professionals in Australia’s health care reforms, and their future career intentions.

Methods: Two questionnaires were sent by post to all intern pharmacists in South Australia; one was sent early in their internship and the second follow-up questionnaire was sent near the completion of their internship. Results: Pharmacy graduates felt prepared for patient care, medicines information, and primary health care roles.

A mismatch between expectations and actual experiences was found. Conclusion: The current internship model no longer meets the needs and expectations of knowledgeable and skilled pharmacy graduates. An alternative internship model, which considers the expectations of graduates, is required. Keywords: intern pharmacist, preparedness, expectations , experiences, internship, future career. Career goals and expectations of men and women pharmacy residents.

Personal and professional characteristics of men and women hospital pharmacy residents were studied to identify differences that could affect future hospital pharmacy practice.

Residents in ASHP-accredited pharmacy residency programs received a survey containing questions on demographic information, reasons for selecting a residency, areas of professional interest, postresidency career goals, responsibilities to home and family, and advantages and disadvantages associated with gender. Of residents receiving questionnaires, responded; the percentages of men and women responding corresponded to the ratio of men and women in hospital pharmacy residencies.

While men and women expressed educational goals that were not significantly different, more men than women had earned or were in the process of earning advanced degrees. The majority of residents did not think their gender affected them in their residency programs, but in professional interactions more men saw gender as an advantage and more women as a disadvantage.

Significantly more than women aspired to be hospital pharmacy directors. The results suggest that men are obtaining advanced training closer to the time they graduate from pharmacy school and that in the future women competing for promotions may be older than men competing for comparable positions. Those planning pharmacy staffing should consider the needs of women, and men, who expect to take time out from their careers for family responsibilities and possibly seek part-time positions when they return to the work force.

Understanding the complex relationships among factors that may predict the outcomes of young adults with autism spectrum disorder ASD is of utmost importance given the increasing population undergoing and anticipating the transition to adulthood. The mediation hypothesis was confirmed; family background and functional performance variables significantly predicted parent expectations which significantly predicted outcomes.

These findings add context to previous studies examining the role of parent expectations on young adult outcomes and inform directions for family-centered interventions and future research.

Influencing young women to pursue a career in the creative information technologies. A leaky pipeline is often cited as the cause for the underrepresentation of women in computer-related professions.

However, females may not even enter the pipeline; that is, they do not even enroll in creative information technology coursework as early as high school. Creative information technology careers include web design, digital photography, and multimedia. Constructs of the social cognitive career theory outcome expectations and self-efficacy–provided the theoretical framework for this investigation to determine why young women are not exhibiting interest in these careers.

Using an action research structure, a female-segregated technology club was implemented at the high school. The study intended to increase the participants’ interest in pursuing careers in the creative information technology field through the components of career choice as outlined in the theoretical framework.

The outcome expectations of “With whom will I work? Self-efficacy was targeted through technology skills’ instruction directly related to the creative information technology fields. Quantitative findings indicated that there were few statistically significant program effects. The participants’ perceptions of those employed in these careers did not change, but their technology self-efficacy increased on three indicators.

Analysis of qualitative data yielded a more complete picture: although the young women had little prior knowledge of those employed in these fields, they did enjoy learning technology to develop creative projects in a social atmosphere where they could persevere through the technology frustrations they encountered. All of the data types affirmed that the.

We estimate the effect of family size on various measures of labor market outcomes over the whole career until retirement, using instrumental variables estimation in data from Norwegian administrative registers.

Parents’ number of children is instrumented with the sex mix of their first two children. We find that having additional children causes sizable reductions in labor supply for women, which fade as children mature and even turn positive for women without a college degree.

Among women with a college degree, there is evidence of persistent and even increasing career penalties of family size. Having additional children reduces these women’s probability of being employed by higher-paying firms, their earnings rank within the employing firm, and their probability of being the top earner at the workplace.

Some of the career effects persist long after labor supply is restored. We find no effect of family size on any of men’s labor market outcomes in either the short or long run. Antecedents and outcomes of organizational support for development: the critical role of career opportunities. This study examines antecedents and behavioral outcomes of employees’ perceptions of organizational support for development.

We first propose that employees’ past participation in formal developmental activities and experience with developmental relationships positively relate to their perceptions of organizational support for development.

We then propose that perceived career opportunity within the organization moderates the relationship between organizational support for development and employee performance and turnover. Using a sample of exempt-level employees and their supervisors, we found that participation in training classes, leader-member exchange, and career mentoring were each positively related to employees’ perceptions of organizational support for development.

We also found support for the moderator hypotheses. Specifically, development support positively related to job performance, but only when perceived career opportunity within the organization was high. Further, development support was associated with reduced voluntary turnover when perceived career opportunity was high, but it was associated with increased turnover when perceived career opportunity was low.

Our study demonstrates that social exchange and career motivation theory work together to explain when and how employees’ perceptions of organizational support for development relate to turnover and job performance. Career exploration is widely believed to produce positive career development outcomes among college and university students. Some research has supported this belief, but there is little information about exactly which outcomes it affects and whether any benefits of career exploration can be observed beyond individualistic western cultures.

The present study seeks to better understand how marketing graduates’ strengths, and utilization of those strengths in the workplace, may be associated with a variety of academic and career outcomes. Respondents completed two different questionnaires. Findings suggest that marketing graduates whose strengths are not being utilized with their work…. The current study developed an item scale measuring individuals’ social expectations in relationships related to their efficacy expectations Subscale 1 and outcome expectations Subscale 2 based on Bandura’s self-efficacy theory.

Rottinghaus, Patrick J. The CFI-R examines career agency…. Comparison of outcome expectancies for synthetic cannabinoids and botanical marijuana.

Although initially developed for medical purposes, synthetic cannabinoids have also been consumed for recreational purposes. To evaluate whether agreement with positive and negative outcome expectancies differed for synthetic cannabinoids versus botanical marijuana, and assess reported reasons for using synthetic cannabinoids.

Using a web-based recruitment and data collection procedure, adults who had used both synthetic cannabinoids and botanical marijuana and adults who had used botanical marijuana but not synthetic cannabinoids, completed measures of outcome expectancies and other relevant questionnaires.

A significant interaction revealed that participants who had used both synthetic cannabinoids and botanical marijuana indicated lower agreement with positive expectancies for synthetic cannabinoids, and higher agreement with positive expectancies for botanical marijuana, than did those participants who used only botanical marijuana. There was no interaction between type of drug and use history on agreement with negative expectancies , and participants agreed more strongly with negative outcome expectancies for synthetic cannabinoids than for botanical marijuana whether they had used one or both types of these drugs.

The most frequently provided reasons for using synthetic cannabinoids included availability, perceived legality, cost, curiosity, and social interaction. Given growing public acceptance of recreational and medical marijuana, coupled with negative perceptions and increasing regulation of synthetic cannabinoid compounds, botanical marijuana is likely to remain more available and more popular than synthetic cannabinoids.

Assessing vocational outcome expectancy in individuals with serious mental illness: a factor-analytic approach. Self-determination theory SDT and self-efficacy theory SET can be used to conceptualize self-determined motivation to engage in mental health and vocational rehabilitation VR services and to predict recovery.

One hundred and twenty-four individuals with serious mental illness SMI participated in this study. Both EFA and CFA results supported a two-factor structure: a positive outcome expectancy , and b negative outcome expectancy. The internal consistency reliability coefficients for both factors were acceptable. Role Induction in Career Counseling.

Fouad, Nadya A. Many vocational psychologists advocate addressing career as well as personal concerns in career counseling. However, some clients may have inappropriate expectations toward career counseling and may not be prepared or want to discuss personal issues.

This study examined whether perceptions of the career counseling process could be modified with…. Alexander, P.

The number of student enrolments in computer-related courses remains a serious concern worldwide with far reaching consequences. This paper reports on an extensive survey about career choice and associated motivational factors amongst new students, only some of whom intend to major in computer-related courses, at two South African universities. The data were analyzed using some components of Social Cognitive Career Theory, namely external influences, self-efficacy beliefs and outcome expectations.

The research suggests the need for new strategies for marketing computer-related courses and the avenues through which they are marketed.

This can to some extent be achieved by studying strategies used by other non-computer university courses, and their professional bodies. It is not entirely clear what the underlying reasons are for these differences but it is noteworthy that the perceived importance of “Interest in the career field” when choosing a career remains very high for both groups of students. Leadership norms and expectations are continually evolving in higher education. Medical education is no exception to that trend, but shifts over time are intangible and difficult to measure.

To explore emerging changes, the authors conducted a textual analysis of published career advertisements from and While a number of…. Unlike other types of cancer, skin cancer incidence rates are on the rise and adolescent females are particularly likely to tan indoors, a major risk factor. However, little research has examined the role of media use in encouraging or discouraging this dangerous behavior in this population. To empirically assess the links between media use, indoor tanning-related outcome expectations , and behavioral intentions.

Significant correlations between media use and indoor tanning outcome expectations were found. Use of interpersonal and social media i. Mass media use e. There are important relationships between media use, indoor tanning outcome expectations , and behavioral intentions. Interpersonal and social media use may help cultivate outcome expectations that encourage indoor tanning, which in turn may increase intentions to tan, while news media consumption in particular may reduce intentions to tan.

These findings highlight the social nature of adolescent females and point to specific intervention channels for reducing indoor tanning among this population.

Health Inequality and Careers. Structural explanations of career choice and development are well established. Socioeconomic inequality represents a powerful factor shaping career trajectories and economic outcomes achieved by individuals. However, a robust and growing body of evidence demonstrates a strong link between socioeconomic inequality and health outcomes.

Work is a key…. It is thus important to understand the barriers and factors that influence individual educational and career choices. In this article, we conduct a literature review of the current knowledge surrounding individual and gender differences in STEM educational and career choices, using expectancy -value theory as a guiding framework.

The overarching goal of this paper is to provide both a well-defined theoretical framework and complementary empirical evidence for linking specific sociocultural, contextual, biological, and psychological factors to individual and gender differences in STEM interests and choices.

Knowledge gained through this review will eventually guide future research and interventions designed to enhance individual motivation and capacity to pursue STEM careers , particularly for females who are interested in STEM but may be constrained by misinformation or stereotypes. Career cartography: a conceptualization of career development to advance health and policy.

The purpose of this article is to propose a conceptualization of career development that emphasizes the interdependence between research, practice, and policy. Career cartography applies three decades of career development experience to lay out a systematic, comprehensive, and iterative approach for planning and communicating the outcomes of science at any career stage. To inform practice and policy, nurse researchers must be clear on the intended destination and trajectory of the science, and be skilled in communicating that science and vision to diverse stakeholders.

Career cartography builds on the science of cartography, is developed within the context of public and health policy, and is composed of several components, including a destination statement, career mapping, a supportive career cartography team, and use of communication and dissemination strategies. The successful utilization of career cartography may accelerate advancement of individual careers , scientific impact, and the discipline as a whole by guiding nurse researchers to be deliberative in career planning and to communicate successfully the outcomes of research across a wide variety of stakeholders.

Career cartography provides a framework for planning a nurse researcher’s program of research and scholarship to advance science, policy, and health of the public. Career cartography guides nurse researchers to realize their full potential to advance the health of the public and inform public and health policy in academic and practice environments.

A balance sheet technique enables counselors to help clients identify and overcome anxiety associated with career decision making. Steps include describing the problem, brainstorming alternatives, listing expected positive and negative outcomes in terms of self and others, seeking information, and choosing alternatives. A systems theory approach to career development: Exploring factors that affect science as a career choice.

This research project was designed to examine the factors that affect students’ choice in a career. Specifically, the factors of a achievement, b interest, c self-efficacy, d perceived preparation for a career , and e being informed about a career will be under investigation. Of key importance to the study is how these factors can affect a student’s perception about choosing a science career. A quantitative analysis of secondary data from the and Program for International Student Assessment PISA international assessment and attitudinal questionnaire provided data on student perceptions and aptitude in science.

The sample from PISA included over , 15 year-old students from 57 countries. Within this group of 30, 11 were selected for comparison based on their questionnaire response to expectations for a career in science at age Four country groups were established based on student responses to question 30a from the PISA attitudinal questionnaire, which asks what career students expected to have at age The results from comparing country groups showed that countries in Group A, which showed the highest values for students expecting a career in science, also had the highest average values for achievement on the PISA science literacy assessment.

Likewise, countries that had the lowest values for expecting a career in. The purpose of this study was twofold. First, the utility of the Integrative Contextual Model of Career Development ICM to describe the career development behavior of college students was examined.

Second, relationships among educational and career development skills career exploration, person-environment fit, goal setting,…. Depressive symptoms, perceived stress, self-efficacy, and outcome expectations : Predict fitness among adolescents with obesity. The objective of the present study was to test if outcome expectancy mediated the relationship between fitness and self-efficacy, perceived stress, and depressive symptoms.

Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. Results showed that self-efficacy was positively associated with fitness via outcome expectancies. For females, fewer depressive symptoms were linked to fitness via self-efficacy and outcome expectancies.

Exercise interventions that enhance exercise self-efficacy, outcome expectancy , and reduce depressive symptoms may increase fitness. Formal public health education and career outcomes of medical school graduates. The objective of this study was to determine if formal public health education via completion of a masters of public health MPH degree among US medical school graduates was associated with early and long-term career choice, professional satisfaction, or research productivity.

Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. Furthermore, medical school graduates with a MPH were more likely to conduct public health research RR 8. Traumatic brain injury TBI often occurs during the years when individuals are aiming for vocational goals and acquiring skills needed to achieve vocational success. This exploratory study aimed to describe the perceived long-term impact on career outcomes for individuals who were hospitalized with a TBI during adolescence.

This study used a…. The study was designed to consider the motivations of career changers and the perceived outcomes of their career change. The analysis showed: firstly, that the reported outcomes associated with career change appeared…. Updating expected action outcome in the medial frontal cortex involves an evaluation of error type.

Forming expectations about the outcome of an action is an important prerequisite for action control and reinforcement learning in the human brain. The medial frontal cortex MFC has been shown to play an important role in the representation of outcome expectations , particularly when an update of expected outcome becomes necessary because an error is detected.

However, error detection alone is not always sufficient to compute expected outcome because errors can occur in various ways and different types of errors may be associated with different outcomes. In the present study, we therefore investigate whether updating expected outcome in the human MFC is based on an evaluation of error type.

Because the two error types were associated with different amounts of monetary loss, updating expected outcomes on error trials required an evaluation of error type. We propose that this is achieved by a proactive evaluation process that anticipates error types by continuously monitoring error sources or by dynamically representing possible response- outcome relations.

The present study compared the value of using a virtual learning simulation compared to traditional lessons on the topic of evolution, and investigated if the virtual learning simulation could serve as a catalyst for STEM academic and career development, based on social cognitive career theory. The results showed that the virtual learning simulation increased knowledge of evolution significantly, compared to the traditional lesson.

No significant differences between the simulation and lesson were found in their ability to increase the non-cognitive measures.

Both interventions increased self-efficacy significantly, and none of them had a significant effect on motivation. In addition, the results showed that the simulation increased interest in biology related tasks, but not outcome expectations. The findings suggest that virtual learning simulations are at least as efficient in enhancing learning and self-efficacy as traditional lessons, and high schools can thus use them as supplementary educational methods.

In addition, the findings indicate that virtual learning simulations may be a useful tool in enhancing student’s interest in and goals toward STEM related careers. Full Text Available The present study compared the value of using a virtual learning simulation compared to traditional lessons on the topic of evolution, and investigated if the virtual learning simulation could serve as a catalyst for STEM academic and career development, based on social cognitive career theory.

Full Text Available Client treatment expectations and hope are robustly associated with treatment outcome. Despite this, no known studies have examined client hope as a mediator to the relationship between expectancies and psychotherapy session outcomes.

In addition, recent literature also supports cross-cultural differences in relations between treatment expectancies and outcomes. This article presents a cross-sectional study with a sample of Brazilian psychotherapy clients collected via referral sampling, in which existing clients referred potential participants.

Participants were asked about their symptomatology and expectations of psychotherapy. The current study found that, within this Brazilian sample, trait hope partially mediated relations between expectancies and treatment session outcomes. Further studies are needed to investigate these effects and session outcomes in a culturally competent manner.

The model we tested included the central cognitive predictors of performance ability, self-efficacy, performance goals , with the exception of outcome expectations. Moderated mediation of the relationships between masculinity ideology, outcome expectations , and energy drink use. The consumption of energy drinks is a growing health-risk behavior for young men in the United States.

The present study investigated the relationship between masculinity ideology, outcome expectations , energy drink use, and sleep disturbances. The authors recruited adult males from universities and the Internet who provided data on their endorsement of traditional masculinity ideology, outcome expectations for use of energy drinks, use of energy drinks, and sleep disturbances. A theoretical model positing moderated mediation was tested using structural equation modeling and conditional process modeling.

The results supported the hypothesized model in which endorsement of traditional masculinity ideology was linked with increased outcome expectations for benefits of energy drinks, which in turn was linked with increased energy drink consumption, and which finally was linked with greater sleep disturbance symptoms.

The relationship between masculinity ideology and energy drink outcome expectations was moderated by age significant for younger men but not for older men , and the relationship between energy drink outcome expectations and energy drink use was moderated by race significant for White men but not for racial minority men.

The present study adds to the literature on potential negative health implications of the endorsement of traditional masculinity ideology by offering a link between predictors of energy drink use masculinity ideology, outcome expectations and health outcomes of energy drink use e. The emerging dental workforce: long-term career expectations and influences.

A quantitative study of final year dental students’ views on their long-term career from one London Dental School. Research into the motivation and expectations of the emerging workforce and their short-term expectations has already been reported with a view to informing professional and policy decisions.

The objective of this component of the research programme was to examine the long-term goals and perceived influences on final year dental students’ professional careers. Univariate analysis of a self completed questionnaire survey of all final year dental students from King’s College London, comprising questions on demography, long-term career goals and influences, proposed commitment to dentistry, commitment to healthcare systems and the influences thereon.

Statistical analysis included Chi Squared tests for linear association. Students’ educational careers in Higher Education: a search into key factors regarding study outcome. Students’ educational careers in Higher Education: a search into key factors regarding study outcome One of the political goals of the EU is to develop ‘the most competitive knowledge-based economy in the world by ‘.

The Dutch knowledge economy faces an increased demand for highly-educated. Motivation and career outcomes of a precollege life science experience for underrepresented minorities. Minorities continue to be underrepresented in professional science careers.

In order to make Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics STEM careers more accessible for underrepresented minorities, informal science programs must be utilized to assist in developing interest in STEM for minority youth.

In addition to developing interest in science, informal programs must help develop interpersonal skills and leadership skills of youth, which allow youth to develop discrete social behaviors while creating positive and supportive communities thus making science more practical in their lives.

This study was based on the premise that introducing underrepresented youth to the agricultural and life sciences through an integrated precollege experience of leadership development with university faculty, scientist, and staff would help increase youths’ interest in science, while also increasing their interest to pursue a STEM-related career. Utilizing a precollege life science experience for underrepresented minorities, known as the Ag Discovery Camp, 33 middle school aged youth were brought to the Purdue University campus to participate in an experience that integrated a leadership development program with an informal science education program in the context of agriculture.

The week-long program introduced youth to fields of agriculture in engineering, plant sciences, food sciences, and entomology. The purpose of the study was to describe short-term and intermediate student outcomes in regards to participants’ interests in career activities, science self-efficacy, and career intentions.

Youth were not interested in agricultural activities immediately following the precollege experience. However, one year after the precollege experience, youth expressed they were more aware of agriculture and would consider agricultural careers if their first career choice did not work out for them.

Results also showed that the youth who participated in the precollege experience were. Therefore, knowing patients’ expectations before a planned procedure or treatment and the actual level of Development of the outcome expectancy scale for self-care among periodontal disease patients. The theory of self-efficacy states that specific efficacy expectations affect behaviour.

Two types of efficacy expectations are described within the theory. Self-efficacy expectations are the beliefs in the capacity to perform a specific behaviour. Outcome expectations are the beliefs that carrying out a specific behaviour will lead to a desired outcome.

To develop and examine the reliability and validity of an outcome expectancy scale for self-care OESS among periodontal disease patients. A item scale was tested on patients at a dental clinic. Accuracy was improved by item analysis, and internal consistency and test-retest stability were investigated.

Concurrent validity was tested by examining associations of the OESS score with the self-efficacy scale for self-care SESS score and plaque index score. Construct validity was examined by comparing OESS scores between periodontal patients at initial visit group 1 and those continuing maintenance care group 2. Item analysis identified 13 items for the OESS. Factor analysis extracted three factors: social-, oral- and self-evaluative outcome expectancy.

Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the OESS was 0. Further, group 2 had a significantly higher mean OESS score than group 1. We developed a item OESS with high reliability and validity which may be used to assess outcome expectancy for self-care. Anxiety has been conceptualized in terms of increased avoidance motivation and higher expectancies of undesirable outcomes.

However, anxiety research has hitherto not examined an important qualitative aspect of motivation: the degree to which reasons for goal pursuit are experienced as controlling and originating outside the core self. We asked 70…. Outcome expectancy is recognized as a determinant of exercise engagement and adherence. However, little is known about which factors influence outcome expectations for exercise among people with knee osteoarthritis OA.

This is the first study to examine the association of outcome expectations for exercise with demographic, physical, and psychosocial outcomes in individuals with knee OA. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the baseline data from a randomized trial of tai chi versus physical therapy in participants with symptomatic knee OA.

Outcome expectations for exercise, self-efficacy, depression, anxiety, stress, and social support were measured using standard instruments. Logistic regression models were utilized to determine associations with outcome expectations. There were participants, with a mean age of Higher outcome expectations for exercise were associated with greater self-efficacy odds ratio [OR] 1.

Outcome expectancy was not significantly associated with sex, race, education, pain, function, radiographic severity, social support, anxiety, or stress.

Our results suggest significant associations between outcome expectations for exercise and self-efficacy and depression. Future studies should examine how these relationships longitudinally affect long-term clinical outcomes of exercise-based treatment for knee OA. Association between perceived self-efficacy, outcome expectations and outcome evaluation and fruit and vegetables consumption in adolescent girls.

Full Text Available Unfortunately just a few number of children and adolescents use sufficient amounts of fruit and vegetables. This study aimed to investigate the association between fruit and vegetables consumption and perceived self-efficacy, outcome expectations and outcome evaluation in adolescent girls in Shahrekord city.

This is a descriptive analytic study conducted on high school girls first grade who were selected by cluster sampling method in Shahrekord, Iran in A researcher made questionnaire was used to collect the needed data like demographic variables, substructures of perceived self-efficacy, outcome expectations and outcome evaluation. In order to investigate the fruit and vegetables consumption status, the standard questionnaire of FFQ was used.

The collected data was analyzed by SPSS 18 software, using descriptive and analytic tests such as one way variance analysis, Pearson and Spearman correlation. The mean scores of fruit and vegetables consumption and vegetables consumption were reported as 1.

A direct significant association was also observed between fruit consumption and both outcome evaluation and perceived self-efficacy Regarding the status of fruit and vegetables consumption and the mean scores of outcome evaluation, outcome expectations and perceived self-efficacy in adolescents which was low, and also the importance of promoting healthy diet in the critical period of adolescence, it seems necessary to use efficient patterns and theories of health education and promotion in which the roles of individuals, family and environment has been considered.

What tomorrow brings? Full Text Available Purpose: Analyze if the perceptions about policies and practices on human resources management HRM, well-being at work and expectations of organizational future act as antecedents of career expectations in the organization.

Thus, it is important to assess which variables influence future career expectations. Based on theoretical contributions and previous surveys about career , well-being and HRM, the model tested coordinates variables that are analyzed in isolate by literature. Key methodological aspects: In this quantitative survey, professionals from a government agency completed an e-questionnaire with scales validated in Brazil.

Data were analyzed through structural equations models. Summary of key results: The effects of well-being at work and expected future in the organization on the career expectations were positive and moderate, in the first case, and strong in the second case. The effect of perceptions of HR policies and practices on career expectations was completely mediated by well-being at work and expectations of organizational future.

In practical terms, data suggest that improving HR policies and practices can increase well-being at work and expectations of organizational future and, finally, foster positive career expectations in the organization.

Considering that the research was limited to one organization, future investigations should analyze the model in other organizations. Effective career ladders.

Motivation, quality improvement, productivity enhancement. These are just some of the benefits of an effective career ladder program. The key term here is effective. It is easy for laboratory personnel to stagnate professionally if they do not have a career ladder program, but it is even easier for them to become frustrated–even cynical–over a program that fails to live up to its expectations to encourage, support, and reward professional advancement.

If you have been looking form some ideas to get your own career ladder program off the ground, the following responses from your colleagues may help as CLMR asks: What makes your career ladder program effective?

Full Text Available Abstract Background Research into the motivation and expectations of the emerging workforce and their short-term expectations has already been reported with a view to informing professional and policy decisions. Methods Univariate analysis of a self completed questionnaire survey of all final year dental students from King’s College London, comprising questions on demography, long-term career goals and influences, proposed commitment to dentistry, commitment to healthcare systems and the influences thereon.

Females were significantly more likely than males to be attracted to work within the NHS by ‘childcare support. Full Text Available To investigate the relationship between preoperative expectations and actual postoperative outcomes of visual function VF among patients undergoing first eye cataract surgery.

A longitudinal study of patients from hospitals in urban Southern China were surveyed prior to surgery and 3 month after cataract surgery regarding their preoperative, expected postoperative and actual postoperative VF for each of the items on the Catquest-9SF and their satisfaction with cataract surgery.

In addition, detailed clinical data were collected preoperatively and postoperatively. The majority of cataract patients in urban Southern China had high expectations for VF outcomes after cataract surgery and in most cases postoperative outcomes achieved the expected level of improvement.

The discrepancy between actual and expected improvement was significantly correlated with patients’ health literacy, presence of systemic and ocular comorbidity, preoperative visual acuity of the surgery eye, LOCS III nuclear opalescence and cortical cataract grading.

Cataract patients in urban Southern China had high expectations for surgery outcomes. Patients with low level of health literacy and the presence of systemic and ocular comorbidity may need a comprehensive counseling to decrease the discrepancy regarding expected and actual outcomes.

This article applies theories of giving from philanthropic studies to enhance understanding of service-learning relationships between students and community partners. Focusing on the participation motivations, outcome expectations , and satisfaction levels of community partners who have recently completed work with service-learning students, the…. Academic success and early career outcomes : Can honors alumni be distinguished from non-honors alumni?

Final grades were drawn from. Exposure to negative math-gender stereotypes undermines the intentions of female college students to engage in careers in the math field, yet the mechanisms by which such stereotypes relate to girls’ career intentions remain unclear. We simultaneously tested multiple mediators in a sample of female students from one high school in central….

Significant relationships between MBTI preferences and career…. Individuation in relation to parents as a predictor of career goals and career optimism in emerging adults. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of Slovenian emerging adults’ individuation characteristics in relation to mother and father with career goals and career optimism. The results showed that age did not relate to emerging adults’ career goals; however, older students reported lower career optimism than their younger counterparts.

Furthermore, certainty of study choice was the most important predictor of career optimism, and, along with gender, of intrinsic career goals. Emerging adults who reported higher connectedness with both parents and self-reliance in relation to mother had higher intrinsic career goals, while self-reliance in relation to mother was positively associated with stronger optimism about an individual’s future career.

Fear of disappointing both parents significantly contributed to the prediction of extrinsic career goals and optimism, while parental intrusiveness did not add significantly to the prediction of the two measured career outcomes. The study confirmed the correlational effects of positive and negative aspects of individuation on career outcomes in emerging adulthood.

Large scale survey datasets have been underutilized but offer numerous advantages for career development scholars, as they contain numerous career development constructs with large and diverse samples that are followed longitudinally.

Constructs such as work salience, vocational expectations , educational expectations , work satisfaction, and…. Protean career : perspectives of study. Full Text Available The article analyzes different approaches to study of models of constructing the employment career in current environment.

The changes having taken place in interrelationsbetween employees and organizations over recent 15 years led to changes in their mutual expectations including the ones concerning the career development.

Boundaryless career based on career mobility and protean career based on subjective understanding of career success are regarded as alternatives to traditional careers. Changes in career conceptualizing inevitably led to revision of career competences. Traditional professional competences give way to career meta-competences like adaptiveness, capacity for education, self-management, taking responsibility.

At the same time empirical studies displaya prematurity of statements about the expressed loss of interest to traditional careers. Results showed that the three types of peer influences positive attitudes toward Internet gaming, frequency of Internet game use, and invitation to play and positive outcome expectancy were significantly and positively correlated with IGA.

Moreover, peer influence was also positively correlated with positive outcome expectancy. On the other hand, positive outcome expectancy and parental influences had a low correlation. Structural equation modeling analysis revealed that positive outcome expectancy did not mediate the relationship between either type of parental influences and IGA, and only the parent’s invitation to play Internet games directly predicted IGA severity. However, peers’ positive attitude or the frequency of peers’ Internet game use positively predicted IGA and was fully mediated through positive outcome expectancy of Internet gaming.

A focus group of program directors, recent, and current fellows convened to determine the most important features of an IEM fellowship application process. A survey was administered electronically to a convenience sample of 78 participants from 34 programs. Respondents included fellowship directors, fellows, and recent graduates.

Program directors and fellows support a uniform application service and deadline, but not a formalized match. Forums for disseminating IEM fellowship information and for administering a uniform application service and deadline are currently in development to improve the process. A framework for understanding international medical graduate challenges during transition into fellowship programs. Previous studies have highlighted unique needs of international medical graduates IMG during their transition into medical training programs; however, limited data exist on IMG needs specific to fellowship training.

We conducted the following mixed-method study to determine IMG fellow training needs during the transition into fellowship training programs in psychiatry and surgery.

The authors conducted a mixed-methods study consisting of an online survey of IMG fellows and their supervisors in psychiatry or surgery fellowship training programs and individual interviews of IMG fellows.

The survey assessed a fellows’ and supervisors’ perceptions on IMG challenges in clinical communication, health systems, and education domains and b past orientation initiatives. In the second phase of the study, IMG fellows were interviewed during the latter half of their fellowship training, and perceptions regarding orientation and adaptation to fellowship in Canada were assessed. Survey data were analyzed using descriptive and Mann-Whitney U statistics.

Qualitative interviews were analyzed using grounded theory methodology. Fellows reported the greatest difficulty with adapting to the hospital system, medical documentation, and balancing one’s professional and personal life.

Supervisors believed that fellows had the greatest difficulty with managing language and slang in Canada, the healthcare system, and an interprofessional team. In Phase 2, fellows generated themes of disorientation, disconnection, interprofessional team challenges, a need for IMG fellow resources, and a benefit from training in a multicultural setting. Our study results highlight the need for IMG specific orientation resources for fellows and supervisors. Can a resident’s publication record predict fellowship publications?

Internal medicine fellowship programs have an incentive to select fellows who will ultimately publish. Whether an applicant’s publication record predicts long term publishing remains unknown. Using records of fellowship bound internal medicine residents, we analyzed whether publications at time of fellowship application predict publications more than 3 years 2 years into fellowship and up to 7 years after fellowship match. We calculate the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and likelihood ratios for every cutoff number of application publications, and plot a receiver operator characteristic curve of this test.

The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve is 0. No cutoff value for application publications possessed adequate test characteristics. The number of publications an applicant has at time of fellowship application is a poor predictor of who publishes in the long term. These findings do not validate the practice of using application publications as a tool for selecting fellows. International co-operation towards development through fellowship training.

Projects selected by each Member State are those to which their Government is committed and to which the Government places a high priority in its development programme. Recipient Governments request support of the IAEA, therefore, only for projects to which they are already committed and to which assistance from the IAEA would provide the input needed to launch and sometimes strengthen the programme to become self-sustaining whenever the assistance is discontinued.

These projects contain three components, namely experts, equipment, and fellowships. The fellowship will not be of an academic nature, but rather a working one. Over the course of Faleh A. It is with great sadness that we announce the sudden passing of Dr Faleh A.

Experience of! Since at our institution. D rotation as an intern Through the TC Program, the IAEA provides technical assistance to meet the needs of recipient countries and to bring about a substantial transfer of technology. This is done by providing experts, equipment, fellowships , and training courses. This report addresses the US component of the fellowship program.

These fellowships provide opportunities for research and training of scientists, engineers and physicians from developing countries in the peaceful application of nuclear energy. The fellowships are awarded to persons who are, or soon will be, trusted with responsibilities that are important to the development of their countries.

In placing individuals, preference is given to applicants from countries that are signatories to the Treaty on Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons or to the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America. The financial impact of orthopaedic fellowship training. Previous reports have compared the expected financial return of a medical education with those expected in other professions. However, we know of no published report estimating the financial return of orthopaedic training.

The purpose of this study was to estimate the financial incentives that may influence the decision to invest an additional year of training in each of the major orthopaedic fellowships. With survey data from the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons and using standard financial techniques, we calculated the estimated return on investment of an additional year of orthopaedic training over a working lifetime.

The net present value, internal rate of return, and the break-even point were estimated. Eight fellowships were examined and compared with general orthopaedic practice. Investment in an orthopaedic fellowship yields variable returns. Adult spine, shoulder and elbow, sports medicine, hand, and adult arthroplasty may yield positive returns. Trauma yields a neutral return, while pediatrics and foot and ankle have negative net present values. On the basis of mean reported incomes, the break-even point was two years for spine, seven years for hand, eight years for shoulder and elbow, twelve years for adult arthroplasty, thirteen years for sports medicine, and twenty-seven years for trauma.

Fellowship -trained pediatric and foot and ankle surgeons did not break even following the initial investment. When working hours were controlled for, the returns for adult arthroplasty and trauma became negative.

The financial return of an orthopaedic fellowship varies on the basis of the specialty chosen. While reasons to pursue fellowship training vary widely, and many are not financial, there are positive and negative financial incentives. Therefore, the decision to pursue fellowship training is best if it is not made on the basis of financial incentives. This information may assist policy makers in analyzing medical education economics to ensure the. Facts about fellowships. Fellowships are part of the IAEA’s technical assistance programme for developing countries.

Each year, fellowship nominations are invited from the governments of developing countries, to be submitted to the IAEA through the ministry within the government which is responsible for atomic energy matters.

Usually applicants for fellowships are employees of the atomic energy commission within the government, or of the ministry of health, agricultural, or education. Applications from individuals not already employed by the government seldom receive the necessary government endorsement or nomination, which includes a commitment by the government to continue the Fellow’s local salary while he is on his fellowship if he is already employed, and to employ him for at least two years after he returns from his fellowship training programme abroad.

In applying for a fellowship , the applicant agrees to return to his home country after his training and to work for a period of at least two years in the peaceful uses of atomic energy in his own country. Applications received by the IAEA from the nominating governments undergo a series of evaluations which includes a review by technical experts within the Agency, who recommend suitable technical training for each applicant, including appropriate training institutions and host countries.

Whenever suitable, the technical evaluator follows any suggestion by the applicant and his nominating government regarding prospective training institutions and host country. Before a final selection of applicants is made, account is taken of the suitability of training proposed and recommended, the language ability of the applicant relative to the proposed host country, the suitability of the training proposed to the needs of his country’s development, and the number of fellowships available to the Agency.

Whenever possible, the fellowship is related to a technical assistance project in the developing country, and the training is in conformity with. Sleep medicine remains an underrepresented medical specialty worldwide, with significant geographic disparities with regard to training, number of available sleep specialists, sleep laboratory or clinic infrastructures, and evidence-based clinical practices.

The American Academy of Sleep Medicine AASM is committed to facilitating the education of sleep medicine professionals to ensure high-quality, evidence-based clinical care and improve access to sleep centers around the world, particularly in developing countries. In , the AASM launched an annual 4-week training program called Mini- Fellowship for International Scholars, designed to support the establishment of sleep medicine in developing countries.

The participating fellows were generally chosen from areas that lacked a clinical infrastructure in this specialty and provided with training in AASM Accredited sleep centers. This manuscript presents an overview of the program, summarizes the outcomes, successes, and lessons learned during the first 12 years, and describes a set of programmatic changes for the near-future, as assembled and proposed by the AASM Education Committee and recently approved by the AASM Board of Directors.

International Atomic Energy Agency fellows: Where are they now? The Department of Technical Cooperation’s report on the fellowship survey. In order to assess the impact and the quality of the International Atomic Energy Agency IAEA fellowship programme, the Department of Technical Cooperation conducted a survey among former fellows from the years and These fellows have all completed the fellowship training, and have had time to judge in what way their training is useful to their work in their home country.

As a result of this survey, further surveys could be conducted to serve as a continuous systematic assessment of the fellowship and other programmes. Former fellows from the years and were asked to fill out a questionnaire containing questions regarding the following: Where are the former fellows now and what are they doing?

How did the fellows rate the quality of the fellowship programme? How did the fellows rate the impact of the training they received through the fellowship programme, the impact on their home institution, and the impact on the TC project and their home country? The survey period was 11 February – 4 March Reaching a sufficient number of former fellows from the years and posed some difficulties. The National Liaison Officers contributed greatly in finding the former fellows’ current contact information.

The results of the survey given below represent only the survey participants’ opinions, not those of all former fellows from the years and To ensure that the results are representative of all fellows, a follow-up study of seven countries is currently being done.

De Datta receives Clifton Garvin Fellowship. Craniofacial Surgery Fellowship Websites. Applicants for craniofacial surgery fellowships utilize Internet-based resources like the San Francisco SF Match to manage applications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accessibility and content of craniofacial surgery fellowship websites CSFWs. Craniofacial surgery fellowship websites were evaluated on education and recruitment content and compared via program characteristics.

Craniofacial surgery fellowships often lack readily accessible websites from national program lists and have limited information for interested applicants.

The consistent lack of online information across programs suggests future opportunities exist to improve these educational resources. Perceived core competency achievements of fellowship and non- fellowship -trained early career pediatric hospitalists.

The pediatric hospital medicine PHM core competencies were established in to identify the specific knowledge base and skill set needed to provide the highest quality of care for hospitalized children. The objectives of this study were to examine the perceived core competency achievements of fellowship -trained and non- fellowship -trained early career pediatric hospitalists and identify perceived gaps in our current training models.

An anonymous Web-based survey was distributed in November Hospitalists within 5 years of their residency graduation reported their perceived competency in select PHM core competencies. One hundred ninety-seven hospitalists completed the survey and were included; were non- fellowship -trained and 50 were PHM fellowship graduates or current PHM fellows. Both groups reported feeling less than competent in sedation and aspects of business practice.

Non- fellowship -trained hospitalists reported mean competency scores greater than fellowship -trained hospitalists in pain management, newborn care, and transitions in care. Early career pediatric hospitalists report deficits in several of the PHM core competencies, which should be considered when designing PHM-specific training in the future. Fellowship -trained hospitalists report higher levels of perceived competency in many core areas.

Bentley Research Fellowship. Dr Bentley passed away April 12, Resident interest and factors involved in entering a pediatric pulmonary fellowship. Full Text Available Abstract Background Relatively little is known about interest in pediatric pulmonology among pediatric residents.

The purpose of this study, therefore, was to determine at this institution: 1 the level of pediatric resident interest in pursuing a pulmonary fellowship , 2 potential factors involved in development of such interest, 3 whether the presence of a pulmonary fellowship program affects such interest.

The highest ranked factors given by the residents who had considered a fellowship included wanting to continue one’s education after residency, enjoying caring for pulmonary patients, and liking pulmonary physiology and the pulmonary faculty.

Most residents during both survey periods believed that they would be in non-academic or academic general pediatrics in 5 years. The presence of a pulmonary fellowship program did not significantly alter resident interest, though other confounding factors may be involved. In North America, the number of craniofacial surgery fellowship graduates is increasing, yet an analysis of practice settings upon graduation is lacking. We characterize the practice types of recent graduates of craniofacial fellowship programs in the United States and Canada.

A 6-year cohort of craniofacial fellows in the United States and Canada were obtained from craniofacial programs recognized by the American Society of Craniofacial Surgery. Practice setting was determined at 1 and 3 years of postgraduation, and predictors of practice setting were determined.

A total of craniofacial surgeons were trained at 35 fellowship programs. At 1 year of postgraduation, A minority of graduates pursued additional fellowships At 3 years of postgraduation, the percentage of graduates in academic craniofacial positions was unchanged A minority of craniofacial fellowship graduates practice academic craniofacial surgery.

A strong academic craniofacial surgery background during residency and fellowship is associated with a future career in academic craniofacial surgery. These data may assist trainees choose training programs that align with career goals and educators select future academic surgeons.

Published by Elsevier Inc. Dermatology hospital fellowships : present and future. The question of what makes a successful dermatology hospitalist has risen to the forefront due to the rapidly increasing number of these providers.

Inpatient dermatology fellowships have formed as a direct consequence. Though mostly in their infancy, these programs have primary or secondary goals to train providers in the dermatologic care of the hospitalized patient. This article presents a brief synopsis of the history of traditional hospitalist fellowships and extrapolates these findings to existing hospitalist dermatology fellowships. As more of these programs arise, these fellowships are poised to revolutionize dermatologic inpatient care from a systems perspective.

This article will examine a little known but long-standing group, the Lisle Fellowship , that endeavored to open the world to college students and foster international understanding–or “world-mindedness,” as the organization’s founders called it–ultimately with the goal to contribute to the ideal of world peace.

It will also, in…. Exchange and fellowship programme. By February , the IAEA had received and considered nearly nominations from 31 countries for nuclear science fellowships. More than of the candidates – from 29 countries – had been selected for placement in centres of training in 21 countries. The programme covers three types of training: 1. General techniques training: to develop skills in the use of some fundamental techniques in the field of nuclear energy; 2. Specialist training: to prepare specialists in the theoretical and experimental aspects of the science and technology of nuclear energy; 3.

Research training: to provide advanced training, including active participation in research work; this is for persons potentially qualified to develop and carry out research programmes in the basic sciences and engineering. The duration of training varies from some weeks to five or six years.

The long-duration training is given at universities or educational establishments of university level, and is of special interest to Member States lacking personnel with the requisite university education.

Under its exchange and fellowship programme, the Agency will be in a position to award over fellowships. Some of these will be paid out of the Agency’s operating fund, while fellowships have been offered directly to IAEA by Member States for training at their universities or institutes. There are two new features in the Agency’s programme. One provides for fellowships for scientific research work, the other is the exchange of specialists.

May 3, The research affected the following six areas: 1 Materials 2 Propulsion 3 Instrumentation 4 Spacecraft systems 5 Vehicle systems 6 Space science The materials investigations included composite structures, printing electronic circuits, degradation of materials by energetic particles, friction stir welding, Martian and Lunar regolith for in-situ construction, and polymers for additive manufacturing.

Propulsion studies were completed on electric sails and low-power arcjets for use with green propellants. Instrumentation research involved heat pipes, neutrino detectors, and remote sensing. Spacecraft systems research was conducted on wireless technologies, layered pressure vessels, and two-phase flow.

Vehicle systems studies were performed on life support-biofilm buildup and landing systems. In the space science area, the excitation of electromagnetic ion-cyclotron waves observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission provided insight regarding the propagation of these waves.

Our goal is to continue the Marshall Faculty Fellowship Program funded by Center internal project offices. No prior studies have evaluated whether residents who pursue fellowship training achieve higher performance on the Otolaryngology Training Examination OTE and whether a specific fellowship will demonstrate a correlation with the corresponding specialty-specific OTE score.

To determine whether residents pursuing fellowship training achieve higher performance on the OTE and whether fellowship choice is correlated with higher scores on the related subspecialty section of the OTE. This retrospective analysis included 35 residents training in an academic otolaryngology residency program from July 1, , to June 30, The OTE scores for postgraduate years 2 through 5 and the type of fellowship were collected for all residents meeting inclusion criteria.

Data were collected from September 1 to October 15, , and analyzed from October 16 to December 1, Residents were divided by whether they pursued fellowship training and by the type of fellowship chosen. Outcome measures included comparison of scores between residents who pursued vs those who did not pursue fellowship training and comparison of subspecialty OTE scores between residents who pursued the corresponding fellowship and those who did not.

For all residents, mean scores on the OTE improved each subsequent training year, but this difference was only significant between postgraduate years 2 and 3 from Residents who pursued fellowship training did not achieve higher scores on the OTE in any examination year compared with residents who did not pursue fellowship training and did not achieve higher scores within the OTE.

Cvetanovich, Gregory L. Background: Research productivity is considered an important factor in academic advancement in sports medicine. No study to date has evaluated academic productivity and correlates of academic rank for sports medicine fellowship faculty.

Purpose: To describe the academic productivity of American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine AOSSM fellowship program faculty and to determine the association between academic productivity, fellowship characteristics, and academic rank. Study Design: D The Benjamin H.

Kean Fellowship in Tropical Medicine is an American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene initiative that provides medical students with funding for international clinical or research experiences lasting at least 1 month. Continued involvement in tropical medicine and global health was common: 52 alumni Alumni had been highly productive academically, publishing a total of PubMed-indexed manuscripts, almost all on tropical medicine or global health topics, in the period between their fellowship year and Alumni reported strengths of the fellowship including funding, networking, and flexibility, and suggested that more networking and career mentoring would enhance the program.

Kean fellowship program has been highly successful at inspiring and fostering ongoing work by trainees in tropical medicine and global health. Interest in global health GH education is increasing across disciplines. To assess exposure to and perception of GH training among gastroenterology fellows and program directors across the USA. Design: Electronic survey study.

The questionnaire was circulated to accredited US gastroenterology fellowship programs, with the assistance of the American Gastroenterological Association. Gastroenterology program directors and fellows. Lack of interest, however, was not a concern. Program directors and trainees recognize the importance of GH education. Global health curriculum may enhance gastroenterology training. Following a period of uncertainty and disorganization, the gastroenterology GI national leadership decided to reinstitute the fellowship match the Match under the auspices of the National Residency Matching Program NRMP in Although it has now been a decade since the rebirth of the Match, there have been limited data published regarding progress made.

In this piece, we discuss reasons for the original collapse of the GI Match, including most notably a perceived oversupply of GI physicians and a poor job market.

We discuss the negative impacts the absence of the Match had on programs and on applicants, as well as the impetus to reorganize the Match under the NRMP. We then utilize data published annually by the NRMP to demonstrate that in the decade since its rebirth, the GI Match has been remarkably successful in terms of attracting the participation of applicants and programs.

We show that previous misguided concerns of an oversupply of GI physicians were not realized, and that GI fellowship positions remain highly competitive for internal medicine applicants.

Finally, we discuss possible implications of recent changes in the healthcare landscape on the GI Match. We hypothesized that there is a gap between expectations and actual training in practice management for pain medicine fellows.

Our impression is that many fellowships rely on residency training to provide exposure to business education.

Unfortunately, pain management and anesthesiology business education are very different, as the practice settings are largely office- versus hospital-based, respectively. Because it is unclear whether pain management fellowships are providing practice management education and, if they do, whether the topics covered match the expectations of their fellows, we surveyed pain medicine program directors and fellows regarding their expectations and training in business management.

A survey. Academic pain medicine fellowship programs. After an exemption was obtained from the University of Texas Medical Branch Institutional Review Board , an email survey was sent to members of the Association of Pain Program Directors to be forwarded to their fellows. Directors were contacted 3 times to maximize the response rate. The anonymous survey for fellows contained 21 questions questions are shown in the results. Fifty-nine of 84 program directors responded and forwarded the survey to their fellows.

Sixty fellows responded, with 56 answering the survey questions. The responder rate is a limitation, although similar rates have been reported in similar studies. The majority of pain medicine fellows receive some practice management training, mainly on billing documentation and preauthorization processes, while most do not receive business education e.

Our findings support the need for enhanced and structured business education during pain fellowship. Barriers and facilitators to implementing addiction medicine fellowships : a qualitative study with fellows, medical students, residents and preceptors. Although progress in science has driven advances in addiction medicine, this subject has not been adequately taught to medical trainees and physicians.

As a result, there has been poor integration of evidence-based practices in addiction medicine into physician training which has impeded addiction treatment and care. Recently, a number of training initiatives have emerged internationally , including the addiction medicine fellowships in Vancouver, Canada. This study was undertaken to examine barriers and facilitators of implementing addiction medicine fellowships. Professional societies engage in activities with the aim of nurturing highly talented early career members of their field.

Little is known about the value of honorary fellowship awards given annually by professional societies. Following up on the only known prior study of this topic, authors queried fellowship awardees in one psychiatric society to better understand the perceived value of honorary fellowships and other outcomes, such as subsequent involvement in professional societies.

The authors obtained frequency data and analyzed responses using t-tests and chi-squared tests. Associations between the outcomes and demographic characteristics such as age, gender, and fellowship type was tested.

Respondents felt that that the fellowship experience had been helpful professionally. Laughlin fellows also more strongly endorsed professional recognition as a benefit at the time of receiving their award. Survey respondents reported increased participation in professional organizations and assumed leadership roles in The College and other professional organizations subsequent to the fellowship experience. On the whole, fellows were generally positive about their experiences.

Many respondents became involved with The College subsequent to their fellowship , but a larger proportion became involved with other organizations, including in leadership roles. Professional societies with early career programs such as the Laughlin Fellowship. Home; Fellowship ; Oral History Archives. Oral history archive Choosing career paths can be difficult decisions for residents contemplating fellowship training.

This study compares the experiences of early career pediatricians who did and did not pursue fellowships. Work environment, work-life balance, and satisfaction were compared for pediatricians who had pursued fellowship training fellowship trained and those who did not pursue fellowship training generalist trained. Logistic and linear regression examined the independent effects of fellowship training while controlling for demographic differences.

The fellowship -trained group was less likely than the generalist-trained group to spend time in direct patient care and more likely to report learning opportunities in their work environment.

Generalist-trained pediatricians were more likely to work hours per week, have flexibility with their schedules, and be satisfied with time spent with their own children. Pediatricians in both the fellowship -trained and generalist-trained groups generally found their work to be rewarding and were satisfied with their lives. Although residents need to consider important life and career differences when contemplating fellowship training and general care, pediatricians in both groups can achieve overall life and career satisfaction.

Why invest in an educational fellowship program? Expanding and refining the repertoire of medical school teaching faculty is required by the many current and changing demands of medical education. To meet this challenge academic medical institutions have begun to establish programs–including educational fellowship programs–to improve the teaching toolboxes of faculty and to empower them to assume leadership roles within both institutional and educational arenas.

In this article, the authors 1 provide historical background on educational fellowship programs; 2 describe the prevalence and focus of these programs in North American medical schools, based on data from a recent survey; and 3 give a brief overview of the nine fellowship programs that are discussed fully in other articles in this issue of Academic Medicine.

These articles describe very different types of educational fellowships that, nevertheless, share common features: a cohort of faculty members who are selected to participate in a longitudinal set of faculty development activities to improve participants’ teaching skills and to build a cadre of educational leaders for the institution. Evaluation of educational fellowships remains a challenging issue, but the authors contend that one way to evaluate the programs’ effectiveness is to look at the educational improvements that have been instigated by program graduates.

Department of Transportation in Washington, DC. Surgical residents cite increased income potential as a motivation for pursuing fellowship training, despite little evidence supporting this perception.

Thus, our goal is to quantify the financial impact of surgical fellowship training on financial career value. By using Medical Group Management Association and Association of American Medical Colleges physician income data, and accounting for resident salary, student debt, a progressive tax structure, and forgone wages associated with prolonged training, we generated a net present value NPV for both generalist and subspecialist surgeons.

Alternatively, trauma 11, , colorectal 44, , surgical oncology , , and breast surgery , fellowships all reduce career value. In orthopedic surgery, spine , , trauma , , hip and joint 60, , and sport medicine 56, fellowships improve career value, whereas shoulder and elbow 4, , foot and ankle , , hand , , and pediatric , fellowships reduce career NPV.

In obstetrics and gynecology, reproductive endocrinology , , and maternal and fetal medicine , fellowships improve career value, whereas gynecology oncology 28, and urogynecology , fellowships reduce career value. These data indicate that the financial return of fellowship is highly variable.

ACCFP , 16 policy, 13 doctoral, 13 postdoctoral, and three teaching fellowships were awarded to a total of 45 fellows from 18 African countries. This grant will finance two additional rounds of the ACCFP fellowships 20 policy, 20 postdoctoral and The funds allowed each student to take a full course load during their first of year of graduate study which helps each of them to enter the professional, scientific community at an earlier date. Each recipient is academically outstanding, received glowing references of support and demonstrated their strong desire to perform scientific research.

As part of the fellowship , each of the students was invited to attend the AMS Annual Meeting where they got to participate in the AMS student conference, attend scientific sessions and visit the exhibition hall. In addition, a student awards luncheon was held where each of the recipients got to meet their sponsor and receive a certificate. Los Alamos offers Fellowships. Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico is calling for applications for postdoctoral appointments and research fellowships.

The positions are available in geoscience as well as other scientific disciplines. The laboratory, which is operated by the University of California for the Department of Energy, awards J. Robert Oppenheimer Research Fellowships to scientists that either have or will soon complete doctoral degrees. Potential applicants should send a resume or employment application and a statement of research goals to Carol M. Rich, Div. Association between proportion of US medical graduates and program characteristics in gastroenterology fellowships.

Gastroenterology is one of the most competitive internal medicine fellowship. However, factors that associated with program competitiveness have not been documented.

This study used a retrospective, cross-sectional design with data obtained from the American Medical Association. The proportion of US medical graduates in gastroenterology fellowships was used as an indicator of program competitiveness. Using both univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses, we analyzed the association between the proportion of medical graduates in each program and 27 program characteristics based on a significance level of 0.

In total, out of gastroenterology fellowship programs satisfied the inclusion criteria. A multivariate analysis revealed that a higher proportion of US medical graduates was significantly associated with five program characteristics: that it was a university-based program p fellowship positions, and the proportion of women in the program.

The former indicates the level of supervision while the latter has become increasingly important owing to the higher proportion of women in medicine. Impact of fellowship training on research productivity in academic neurological surgery. An increasing number of neurological surgeons have sought fellowship training in recent years, and previous analyses have suggested these practitioners are more likely to pursue an academic career.

Scholarly productivity is a key component in academic advancement. We used the h-index to evaluate whether fellowship training impacts research productivity and whether any differences exist in scholarly output among practitioners in the various neurosurgical subspecialties.

Online listings from academic neurological surgery departments were used to organize faculty by academic rank and fellowship training. Using the Scopus database, we calculated the h-index for full-time clinical faculty.

No significant difference existed between the mean h-index scores of neurological surgeons who completed fellowships and those who did not. However, when stratified by academic rank, a trend was observed showing greater mean h-index scores for those who completed fellowships. This trend persists across nearly all subspecialties.

Overall, being a senior faculty member corresponds with a greater h-index score, regardless of whether a fellowship was completed. All rights reserved. Teaching geriatric fellows how to teach: a needs assessment targeting geriatrics fellowship program directors.

The entire healthcare workforce needs to be educated to better care for older adults. The purpose of this study was to determine whether fellows are being trained to teach, to assess the attitudes of fellowship directors toward training fellows to be teachers, and to understand how to facilitate this type of training for fellows. A nine-question survey adapted from a survey issued to residency program directors inquiring about residents-as-teachers curricula was developed and administered.

The survey was issued electronically and sent out three times over a 6-week period. The majority of fellowship directors believe that it is important for geriatric fellows to become competent educators, but only approximately half of programs currently provide formal instruction in teaching skills.

A reproducible, accessible curriculum on teaching to teach that includes a rigorous evaluation component should be created for geriatrics fellowship programs. Features the Class of During their one-year assignment, Fellows participate in programs designed to detect, prevent, and reverse the proliferation of nuclear weapons. Trends in U. Pediatric Otolaryngology Fellowship Training.

Interest in pediatric otolaryngology fellowship training is growing. The workforce implications of this growing interest are unclear and understudied. To analyze trends in pediatric otolaryngology training, determine where fellows who graduated over the past 10 years are currently practicing, and test the hypothesis that graduates from Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education ACGME —accredited programs were more likely to have academic tertiary positions with faculty appointments.

We conducted a web-based analysis of pediatric otolaryngology fellowship graduates. The names of all applicants who were matched to pediatric otolaryngology fellowships from May 31, , to May 31, , were obtained from the SF Match website. We then performed an Internet search for the current practice location of each matched applicant. Analysis was conducted from January 1, , to May 1, Practice setting per year of fellowship match and accreditation status of program.

For the to the match years, there was an increase from 5 to 22 accredited pediatric otolaryngology fellowship programs overall; simultaneously, the number of yearly matched applicants increased from 14 to Graduates from accredited programs, however, were significantly more likely to practice at a hospital-based setting compared with those from nonaccredited programs Fellows trained in the last 10 years are relatively well distributed across the country.

The number of pediatric otolaryngology fellowship applicants as well as total number of matched applicants and ACGME-accredited positions has risen in the last 10 years. It appears that a higher. Its Visiting Fellowship Program offers fellowships to scholars from think tanks and academic research institutions in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Over the period from to, The hand surgery fellowship application process: expectations, logistics, and costs. To investigate expectations, logistics, and costs relevant to the hand surgery fellowship application process.

We sought to discover 1 what both applicants and program directors are seeking, 2 what both parties have to offer, 3 how both parties collect information about each other, and 4 the costs incurred in arranging each match. We conducted on-line surveys of hand surgery fellowship applicants for appointment in and of current fellowship program directors.

Sixty-two applicants and 41 program directors completed the survey. Results revealed applicants’ demographic characteristics, qualifications, method of ranking hand fellowship programs, costs incurred both monetary and opportunity during the application process, ultimate match status, and suggestions for change.

Results also revealed program directors’ program demographics, rationale for offering interviews and favorably ranking applicants, application-related logistical details, costs incurred both monetary and opportunity during the application process, and suggestions for change.

Applicants for hand surgery fellowship training are primarily interested in a potential program’s academic reputation, emphasis on orthopedic surgery, and location.

The typical, successfully matched applicant was a year-old male orthopedic resident with 3 publications to his credit. Applicants rely on peers and Web sites for information about fellowships. Fellowship directors are primarily seeking applicants recommended by other experienced surgeons and with positive personality traits. The typical fellowship director offers a single year of orthopedic-based fellowship training to 2 fellows per year and relies on a common application and in-person interviews to collect information about applicants.

Applicants appear to be more concerned than directors about the current state of the match process. Applicants and directors alike incur heavy costs, in both dollars and opportunity, to arrange each match. A nuanced. Junior physicians describe mentoring relationships as integral to their career development and success. Current evidence suggests that mentoring is under-utilized despite interest from trainees. The purpose of this study is to describe the mentoring practices in developmental-behavioral pediatric DBP fellowship programs and identify mentoring needs of DBP fellows and recent graduates.

DBP fellows and recent graduates less than 5 years out of training from US-based DBP fellowship programs were contacted to complete a survey on their mentoring experiences in fellowship and early career. A total of 90 respondents completed the entire survey including 47 current DBP fellows and 43 recent graduates. Satisfaction with mentoring was associated with having a formal mentor p mentoring in multiple areas p mentoring addresses the mentee’s career goals, provides insight into being a developmental-behavioral pediatrician, assists in navigating academics, and involves a personal relationship.

Results suggest opportunities for improved mentoring in DBP fellowship programs, particularly in the areas of career development and research and that there is a significant need for mentorship among recent graduates. Findings from this study can inform program improvement in mentoring for DBP fellows and recent graduates. Many US medical schools and family medicine departments have responded to a growing interest in global health by developing global health fellowships. However, there are no guidelines or consensus statements outlining competencies for global health fellows.

Our objective was to develop a mission and core competencies for Family Medicine Global Health Fellowships. A modified Delphi technique was used to develop consensus on fellowship competencies. A panel, comprised of 13 members with dual expertise in global health and medical education, undertook an iterative consensus process, followed by peer review, from April to December The panel developed a mission statement and identified six domains for family medicine global health fellowships : patient care, medical knowledge, professionalism, communication and leadership, teaching, and scholarship.

Each domain includes a set of core and program-specific competencies. The family medicine global health competencies are intended to serve as an educational framework for the design, implementation, and evaluation of individual family medicine global health fellowship programs.

Endoscopic training in gastroenterology fellowship : adherence to core curriculum guidelines. Program adherence to these recommendations is unclear. This study aims to assess endoscopic training experience during fellowship. Questionnaire study. The questionnaire was circulated to US fellowship programs, with the assistance of the American Gastroenterological Association.

Graduating third-year fellows. Seventy-three fellows returned the questionnaire. Fellows rated training in cognitive aspects of endoscopy as 3. Quality indicators of endoscopy received little emphasis rating of 3. Fifty-six percent of fellows reported having routine endoscopy conferences. Many fellows do not meet required numbers for several endoscopic procedures, and quality indicators receive little emphasis during training. Most programs do not provide simulation training or hold regular endoscopy conferences.

Fellowship programs should perform internal audits and make feasible adjustments. Furthermore, it may be time for professional societies to revisit training guidelines. The American health care system faces deficits in quality and quantity of surgeons. SAGES leadership is actively adapting this curriculum. The process of reform began in through a series of iterative meetings and discussions.

A working group within the Resident and Fellow Training Committee reviewed case log data from to These data were used to propose new criteria designed to provide adequate exposure to core content. The working group also proposed using video assessment of an MIS case to provide objective assessment of competency. Case log data were available for fellows with a total of 85, cases logged median per fellow. Fellows are expected to perform an additional 75 complex MIS cases of any category for a total of required cases overall.

The proposal also included a minimum volume of flexible endoscopy 50 and submission of an MIS foregut case for video assessment. The new criteria more clearly defined which surgeon roles count for major credit within individual categories. Fourteen fellowships volunteered to pilot these new criteria for the academic year.

The criteria also introduce innovative, evidence-based methods for assessing competency. Pending the results of the pilot program, SAGES will consider broad implementation of the new fellowship criteria. Postdoctoral pharmacy industry fellowships : a descriptive analysis of programs and postgraduate positions. Postdoctoral pharmacy industry fellowship programs and the employment of fellowship graduates are described.

Data regarding program characteristics were collected using the Personnel Placement Service database and program-specific brochures. After data compilation, a standardized survey was sent in January via e-mail to the point of contact for all programs to confirm the accuracy of the program’s characteristics.

Only academically affiliated industry fellowship programs were analyzed. Retrospective data were collected regarding the first position of employment for all fellows who graduated from the program between and and the position of those same individuals at the time of survey completion.

Surveys were sent to 64 postgraduate industry fellowship programs affiliated with a school of pharmacy, 56 Data from fellows during years after completion of the industry fellowship indicated that The postgraduate industry fellowship programs surveyed indicated that the majority of fellowship graduates continued to hold positions in industry after program completion.

The majority of industry fellowships and subsequent job placements occurred in the areas of medical affairs, clinical research, and regulatory affairs. Administration: Army Congressional Fellowship Program. This printing publishes a new Army Regulation. This regulation presents the policies and procedures under which the Army manages the Army Congressional Fellowship Program and supplements applicable Department Must Be Met by a Fellow?

At a minimum, a fellow Evaluation of content and accessibility of hand fellowship websites. Graduates of general, orthopedic, and plastic surgery residencies utilize web-based resources when applying for hand fellowship training. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accessibility and content of hand fellowship websites HFWs. Websites of accredited hand surgery fellowships were eligible for study inclusion.

HFWs were evaluated for comprehensiveness in the domains of education and recruitment. Website content was correlated with program characteristics via Fisher exact tests. Fifteen plastic, 65 orthopedic, and 1 general surgery hand fellowships were analyzed.

No differences existed in recruitment content between programs. Most hand surgery fellowships lack readily accessible and comprehensive websites. The paucity of online content suggests HFWs are underutilized as educational resources and future opportunity may exist to optimize these tools.

Interagency Oncology Task Force Fellowship. In collaboration with FDA, these fellowships train scientists in research and research-related regulatory review, policies, and regulations to develop a skill set that bridges the two disparate processes. Fellowship and career path preferences in residents of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. Cross-sectional survey. A total of 1, U. Trends in fellowship and career track preference were analyzed by year of clinical otolaryngology training.

Data were additionally analyzed after stratification by sex. Fellowship interest increased for rhinology and head and neck surgery by training year, whereas interest declined for neurotology and facial plastics. Inequalities producing differences according to sex should be addressed. The transgender population continues to face challenges in accessing appropriate health care.